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So, this is the talk
about how we're trying

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to practically implement
a lot of the stuff

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that's been talked about today.

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So, as we said, I'm a
Senior Staff Scientist

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with the Appalachian Mountain Club,

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based out of Pinkham
Notch in New Hampshire.

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So we're talking about Maine.

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If you don't know, the AMC is the nation's

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oldest conservation and
recreation organization

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founded in 1876.

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Headquartered in Boston.

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Our focus area is primarily the
Northern Appalachian region.

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What became our Maine Woods Initiative

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began over 20 years ago
with the primary focus

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of creating a new backcountry
recreational destination.

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We're probably most widely
known for our trail work

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and our series of White Mountain huts.

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We have not been a large
landowner in the past,

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and we did not go into this intending

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to be a large landowner, but
that's the way it's worked out

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and it's been a lot of fun.

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So we had, again, our goals were

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to have a backcountry
recreational destination,

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establish large ecologic reserves,

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practice sustainable forestry,

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and strong community partnerships

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with the surrounding towns,

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most notably Greenville and that area.

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So over the last 20 years,

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our ownership in the
100-Mile Wilderness region

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east of Moosehead Lake
and south of Baxter,

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has grown to 114,000 acres
in seven different parcels.

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It was 20 years ago this
month that we acquired...

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Whoops, whoops, back here.

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Acquired our first
parcel out of Iron Works.

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Our most recent parcel, Barnard North,

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was just a couple of months ago.

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So we have continued to add lands

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and we have another 15,000
acres under agreement

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while we raise the money.

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So, and again, the regional context

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we're the southern anchor
of a 60 mile long corridor

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of a fee owned land extending
up to Baxter State Park

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and Katahdin Woods and
Waters National Monument.

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Over half of this land is
managed as reserve wilderness.

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Okay, now this was heavily
harvested industrial land,

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but we did acquire some nice places.

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We acquired a lot more
that looked like this.

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We acquired a lot of baby
forest, a lot of degraded,

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hydrated, heavily cut over forest.

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Some of it had been treated
well, a lot of it had not.

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So we are involved in a
long-term restoration project

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on these, again, these lands.

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And our goal is aimed at
the long-term restoration

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of this landscape to a more
natural, mature, high carbon

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and resilient forest through
a combination of reserves

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and conservative management.

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And this is our, essentially
our management zoning map.

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But we don't have,

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we're just starting planning
on the Barnard forest,

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but about 28% is in reserve.

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About 54% is open for timber management.

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And we have been doing
harvesting every year

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since we first acquired
the property in 2003.

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Most of the harvesting
has been concentrated

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on the KIW property, the Roach Ponds,

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which was very heavily harvested by

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previous owners on creek.

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I'll say no names.

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So we've just really started
there about six years ago

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and we're just getting started on

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the Pleasant Rivers Forest.

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So, there's been a lot of
materials have come out recently.

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We've heard talk about this.

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Some of the people at this
conference have been involved in

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writing some of this guidelines

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for how you practice climate friendly

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or climate resilient forestry.

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And lot of these recommendations,

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to me, are really just
the latest iteration

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of ecological forestry of
tradition that goes back,

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behold and beyond,

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older trees, big trees, dead
wood, structural complexity,

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species diversity, and the like.

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So, you know, what we're
doing is nothing new.

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We are following the footsteps

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of a long tradition of
ecological forestry.

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And I like to say it's amazing

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what you can do when you
take profit motive out of it.

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Okay, so in our early years, our priority,

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we had a lot of degraded
stands heavy to beech

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heavy to beech bark disease.

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Typical, so a lot of these
were salvage harvests

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and the typical commercial regime

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would be a complete overstory removal.

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We did not wanna create
more young, even age stands,

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so we put a high priority on restoration.

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And again, higher value
or long-live species.

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We generally do not harvest white pine.

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It's a limited component
that we wanna increase.

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You know what limited good
growing stock was there,

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barge trees and you know, the typical

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snags and wildlife trees.

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Okay, this is an early harvest

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where we pretty much did a
complete overstory removal,

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but left all the yellow birch,

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which was about 10% of the overstory.

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Again, to start to create
some vertical diversity

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and a long-term source of
future large trees and density.

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Again, another harvest where yellow birch

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and red spruce were retained.

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Again, some of these will be
harvested in future harvests.

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Some of 'em will be, you
know, left to live out a long

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and hopefully happy life.

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Okay, because of our
focus on improving quality

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and restoring these degraded stands.

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In our early years about
90% of what we harvested

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was hardwood pulp.

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And we're very fortunate
that still having access

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to pulpwood markets.

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I know a lot of places in New England

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don't have that luxury

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and doing this type of forestry

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becomes economically much more challenging

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'cause you have no way to get rid of,

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you know, the dead wood,

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I mean the low grade wood

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in any kind of economically
reasonable way.

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Okay, we have a smaller
component of good quality stands.

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And when we get in these,
our goal is to maintain them

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as mature stands through
primarily a deferred

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or continuous cover shelterwood approach.

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We never want to do
complete overstory removals.

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This is an initial
shelterwood entry or thinning,

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whatever you wanna call it.

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And that's a high quality hardwood stand.

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And again, the goal is to, you know,

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promote and release regeneration

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while maintaining a more
mature forest condition.

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Again, another stand that had
a good component of white pine

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and it had good multiple
age class structure,

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was thinned out, promote some
regeneration and openings,

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promote the development of larger trees.

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And again, but when we have these,

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these stands that are closer
to where we want them to be,

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we wanna maintain them in that condition.

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But again, even when we're operating

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in these high quality stands,

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still probably 2/3 of what we harvested

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was low grade material.

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Very much a leave the best

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and take the rest kind of strategy.

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Nothing new, I learned that

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in forestry school 40 years ago.

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Also doing some different
kinds of restoration.

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On one of our properties,

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the Roach Ponds property,
the highest value species,

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I mean the highest volume
species with red pine,

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which was all in plantations,

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35, 40 years old, low quality.

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So we're working to remove these

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in like either two or three stage harvests

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and allow natural regeneration

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to restore a more natural species

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composition in these areas.

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[Student] What do you get for regen?

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[Instructor] These are
mostly hardwood sites,

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so typical northern hardwoods,
probably all are beech.

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[Student] What's your strategy

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for getting rid of the beech?

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[Instructor] Well, we talked
a little bit about that.

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We don't have a strategy
for getting rid of it.

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We're not gonna get rid of it.

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The question is, can we minimize it

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and promote other species?

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And that's what we're trying to do a lot

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of now is this early
intervention silviculture.

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Again, we have lots of even age sapling

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and small pole stands

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and we're trying to get
in and treat these stands

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as quickly, you know, as early as we can

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both to start to create some
more vertical diversity,

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but also to start concentrating growth

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on the best trees as early as we can.

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You know, these are the
trees that will, you know,

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more likely to form saw logs,

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which are more likely to
have long-term carbon storage

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and harvested wood products.

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So, and again, minimizing, you know,

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mortality and carbon
loss from self thinning.

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You know, if you've got a three inch tree

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that's gonna die when it's
six inches and fall over

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and we release pretty quickly,
might as well get it out

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of there now and get
that additional growth

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that would've died onto better trees.

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Okay, so pre-commercial

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and early commercial thinning
of spruce-fir stands.

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00:09:01,440 --> 00:09:04,623
We have a lot of even-age,
post budworm stands

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00:09:04,623 --> 00:09:06,240
that we're getting into.

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00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:10,023
This is nothing atypical about this.

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A lot of the commercial landowners

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00:09:11,850 --> 00:09:13,743
do this similar type of management.

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But we're also doing a lot of early,

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starting to get into early intervention

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in a lot of hardwood stands.

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Again, these are stands
that are heavy to beech

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but may have a component of
sugar maple, yellow birch.

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So we're doing crop
tree releases in these.

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We're not trying to thin, you know,

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00:09:32,550 --> 00:09:33,600
we don't want to thin out,

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you know, areas that are mostly beech,

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but try to identify those
scattered crop trees

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00:09:40,650 --> 00:09:44,310
and get the growth going on those.

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We've been very fortunate
to be able to get a lot

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00:09:45,930 --> 00:09:48,270
of natural resources,
conservation service funding

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00:09:48,270 --> 00:09:51,093
to do this type of improvement work.

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00:09:52,650 --> 00:09:54,210
Oh, and actually before I get there,

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00:09:54,210 --> 00:09:55,980
one other thing I don't have a slide for,

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00:09:55,980 --> 00:09:59,790
we're also starting to get
into some restoration planting,

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00:09:59,790 --> 00:10:02,220
degraded, sustained understock stands

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00:10:02,220 --> 00:10:04,710
where regeneration has been inhibited by,

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00:10:04,710 --> 00:10:06,690
you know, grass understories.

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00:10:06,690 --> 00:10:09,450
So we're starting to do some scarification

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00:10:09,450 --> 00:10:11,550
and enrichment planting and those stands.

225
00:10:11,550 --> 00:10:13,293
That's kind of a new initiative.

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00:10:14,160 --> 00:10:16,560
So we do have some results

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00:10:16,560 --> 00:10:19,710
for our two earliest
properties, KIW and Roach Ponds.

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00:10:19,710 --> 00:10:24,450
We have timber inventories
from both 2010 and 2020.

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00:10:24,450 --> 00:10:27,090
And they're showing some
pretty good progress

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00:10:27,090 --> 00:10:30,750
in things like 27% increase in basal area,

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00:10:30,750 --> 00:10:33,270
30% increase in timber volume.

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00:10:33,270 --> 00:10:34,103
These are misleading

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00:10:34,103 --> 00:10:36,960
'cause a lot of this is
due in growth into the pole

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00:10:36,960 --> 00:10:38,280
from saplings into poles,

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00:10:38,280 --> 00:10:39,994
so it's not pure growth.

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00:10:39,994 --> 00:10:43,830
This is the interesting
one, larger diameter trees.

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00:10:43,830 --> 00:10:45,960
Again, even on the KIW tract

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00:10:45,960 --> 00:10:47,973
where we've been harvesting every year,

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00:10:49,440 --> 00:10:52,110
pretty good increase
in large diameter trees

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00:10:52,110 --> 00:10:54,510
because those are the
ones we're leaving alone.

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00:10:54,510 --> 00:10:56,700
Overall, again, just in 10 years,

242
00:10:56,700 --> 00:11:00,090
we've had a 25% increase
in large diameter trees

243
00:11:00,090 --> 00:11:01,743
in our timber management area.

244
00:11:04,620 --> 00:11:07,440
The carbon stocking we estimate

245
00:11:07,440 --> 00:11:09,660
in our timber management
area in just 10 years

246
00:11:09,660 --> 00:11:12,120
has increased 17%.

247
00:11:12,120 --> 00:11:15,040
The carbon stocking in one of our reserves

248
00:11:15,900 --> 00:11:18,420
based on two inventories
across the same place,

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00:11:18,420 --> 00:11:21,450
has increased 19% in just 10 years.

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00:11:21,450 --> 00:11:23,430
These are stands that are,

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00:11:23,430 --> 00:11:27,000
for the most part, in the
really rapid growth phase.

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00:11:27,000 --> 00:11:29,010
So they will continue this level of growth

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00:11:29,010 --> 00:11:30,153
for quite some time.

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00:11:32,070 --> 00:11:34,440
In terms of the future,
you know, we have modeling,

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00:11:34,440 --> 00:11:37,230
we work with Huber Resources, okay.

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00:11:37,230 --> 00:11:38,880
-Thank you.
-Huber Resources

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00:11:38,880 --> 00:11:40,110
is our consulting manager.

258
00:11:40,110 --> 00:11:43,020
They do our our timber modeling,

259
00:11:43,020 --> 00:11:46,170
Right now, we're harvesting about 40%

260
00:11:46,170 --> 00:11:48,750
of growth within our
timber management area.

261
00:11:48,750 --> 00:11:50,160
And that's gonna,

262
00:11:50,160 --> 00:11:52,800
we're gonna continue
harvesting less than growth

263
00:11:52,800 --> 00:11:54,677
for probably the next 40 years.

264
00:11:54,677 --> 00:11:57,210
Again, we are sort of in the first decade

265
00:11:57,210 --> 00:11:59,380
of a 50 year transition

266
00:12:01,200 --> 00:12:06,200
from a low carbon, low volume forest

267
00:12:06,420 --> 00:12:08,853
to a high carbon, high volume forest.

268
00:12:09,870 --> 00:12:12,723
So again, we'll begin
harvesting continual,

269
00:12:13,830 --> 00:12:17,130
much less than growth for
the next half century,

270
00:12:17,130 --> 00:12:18,930
resulting in an expected

271
00:12:18,930 --> 00:12:21,330
or projected increase in stocking

272
00:12:21,330 --> 00:12:26,040
from about the current 17
quarts an acre to about 25, 27,

273
00:12:26,040 --> 00:12:27,917
which is the level we'd
like to maintain it at.

274
00:12:27,917 --> 00:12:29,730
That's a level that's more consistent

275
00:12:29,730 --> 00:12:30,710
with a lot of public lands,

276
00:12:30,710 --> 00:12:33,150
Maine state and it's national forest,

277
00:12:33,150 --> 00:12:34,800
maybe even more than that.

278
00:12:34,800 --> 00:12:37,740
The interesting thing is,
over this half century,

279
00:12:37,740 --> 00:12:41,580
our allowable harvest
also doubles, you know,

280
00:12:41,580 --> 00:12:43,500
in terms of deferred gratification.

281
00:12:43,500 --> 00:12:45,240
Higher volume forest

282
00:12:45,240 --> 00:12:47,400
be able to support a
higher level of harvest.

283
00:12:47,400 --> 00:12:50,580
Whether we'll actually harvest
at that level in the future,

284
00:12:50,580 --> 00:12:52,413
you know, is unclear.

285
00:12:53,430 --> 00:12:56,370
But again, I think this
shows some of the benefits

286
00:12:56,370 --> 00:13:00,660
of a conservative management
approach that creates

287
00:13:00,660 --> 00:13:04,920
a more ecologic, I would
say more natural forest,

288
00:13:04,920 --> 00:13:07,653
a more resilient forest,
a higher carbon forest,

289
00:13:08,820 --> 00:13:10,950
but also a forest that can continue

290
00:13:10,950 --> 00:13:15,360
to support the production of
higher quality wood products

291
00:13:15,360 --> 00:13:17,430
that lead to long-term carbon storage

292
00:13:17,430 --> 00:13:19,353
and manufactured projects.

293
00:13:20,580 --> 00:13:24,540
To get close, we also
have four carbon projects,

294
00:13:24,540 --> 00:13:26,430
four forest carbon projects on our land.

295
00:13:26,430 --> 00:13:30,000
Two of them we initiated,
two of em were in progress

296
00:13:30,000 --> 00:13:32,373
or finished on lands we acquired.

297
00:13:34,260 --> 00:13:36,723
These provide an important
source of revenue.

298
00:13:38,010 --> 00:13:39,510
Given our conservative approach,

299
00:13:39,510 --> 00:13:41,880
harvesting much less in growth,

300
00:13:41,880 --> 00:13:43,680
omit, that's okay,

301
00:13:43,680 --> 00:13:46,590
you know, this is of
significant financial sacrifice

302
00:13:46,590 --> 00:13:48,300
in terms of the revenue, timber revenue

303
00:13:48,300 --> 00:13:52,530
that could have potentially
been obtained off these lands.

304
00:13:52,530 --> 00:13:56,850
The carbon revenues help to
subsidize that transition.

305
00:13:56,850 --> 00:13:58,920
They make up for some of our lost revenue

306
00:13:58,920 --> 00:14:01,230
from this conservative harvesting regime.

307
00:14:01,230 --> 00:14:03,480
That's exactly what they
were supposed to do.

308
00:14:04,620 --> 00:14:06,570
Some of our revenues have been put into

309
00:14:06,570 --> 00:14:08,220
additional land acquisitions,

310
00:14:08,220 --> 00:14:11,700
you know, have help support
some of these land acquisitions.

311
00:14:11,700 --> 00:14:13,620
But in the future we'll
be putting the revenue

312
00:14:13,620 --> 00:14:16,800
from our carbon projects
into a dedicated fund

313
00:14:16,800 --> 00:14:19,050
to support both land acquisition

314
00:14:19,050 --> 00:14:23,070
and organizational emissions
reductions activities

315
00:14:23,070 --> 00:14:24,145
at our facilities.

316
00:14:24,145 --> 00:14:26,250
If anyone's ever been
to the Highland Center

317
00:14:26,250 --> 00:14:27,540
in Crawford Notch,

318
00:14:27,540 --> 00:14:30,300
that is our biggest
carbon emitting facility.

319
00:14:30,300 --> 00:14:33,390
So trying to make some improvements there

320
00:14:33,390 --> 00:14:34,620
to reduce those emissions.

321
00:14:34,620 --> 00:14:37,230
And you get by there, we
just put in a new solar,

322
00:14:37,230 --> 00:14:40,116
our new solar array out
on the (indistinct).

323
00:14:40,116 --> 00:14:42,900
So, and again, we will also be retiring

324
00:14:42,900 --> 00:14:45,120
some of these credits as internal offsets

325
00:14:45,120 --> 00:14:48,330
to offset our own
organizational carbon footprint.

326
00:14:48,330 --> 00:14:50,850
So, you know, it's almost like
a full circle type of thing

327
00:14:50,850 --> 00:14:53,010
where conservative management, you know,

328
00:14:53,010 --> 00:14:56,340
creates not only an ecologically
more sustainable forest,

329
00:14:56,340 --> 00:14:59,370
but provides revenue to improve, you know,

330
00:14:59,370 --> 00:15:03,360
sort of the climate change
impacts of our own organization.

331
00:15:03,360 --> 00:15:06,450
So, and that's it.

332
00:15:06,450 --> 00:15:08,253
I think I just about made my time.

333
00:15:15,840 --> 00:15:16,673
Question?

334
00:15:17,717 --> 00:15:20,700
[Student] Do you think the
absence of those carbon credits

335
00:15:20,700 --> 00:15:23,340
that you could use as
revenue to offset the cost

336
00:15:23,340 --> 00:15:26,610
of the activities, the
stewardship activities

337
00:15:26,610 --> 00:15:27,443
you're engaged in,

338
00:15:27,443 --> 00:15:29,306
would you be able to do that financially?

339
00:15:29,306 --> 00:15:30,139
We would.

340
00:15:30,139 --> 00:15:33,420
In fact, the carbon carbon
projects did not lead

341
00:15:33,420 --> 00:15:35,340
to any change in management.

342
00:15:35,340 --> 00:15:38,430
They are basically consistent
with what we are doing.

343
00:15:38,430 --> 00:15:43,140
So it would be, it would be feasible,

344
00:15:43,140 --> 00:15:46,350
but it would diminish a lot of
the other things we could do.

345
00:15:46,350 --> 00:15:49,230
It might diminish our ability
to acquire additional lands.

346
00:15:49,230 --> 00:15:51,964
We obviously couldn't put
revenues into some of these,

347
00:15:51,964 --> 00:15:53,760
you know, organizational projects.

348
00:15:53,760 --> 00:15:56,158
But I think our management
would be the same.

349
00:15:56,158 --> 00:15:57,290
[Student] So it would cover like

350
00:15:57,290 --> 00:16:00,180
the big commercial
treatments, the plantings.

351
00:16:00,180 --> 00:16:04,143
Well those things are being
funded primarily by NRCS.

352
00:16:04,143 --> 00:16:07,233
-As a cost share or?
-Well, yeah, as a cost share.

353
00:16:08,070 --> 00:16:10,500
You know, it might be
that some of those things,

354
00:16:10,500 --> 00:16:13,410
some of those less
economically feasible things

355
00:16:13,410 --> 00:16:15,423
we might have to scale back on, so.

356
00:16:16,560 --> 00:16:18,270
[Student] May I just ask a
follow up question on that?

357
00:16:18,270 --> 00:16:19,140
-Sure.
-Do you know,

358
00:16:19,140 --> 00:16:21,930
do you sense that there's
a workforce shortage

359
00:16:21,930 --> 00:16:25,080
for some of those pre-commercial
treatments, the plantings?

360
00:16:25,080 --> 00:16:27,390
Or, I don't know if
Hubbert does, you know,

361
00:16:27,390 --> 00:16:29,190
has contractors that they work with.

362
00:16:30,270 --> 00:16:33,000
So far we've, you know,
we haven't run into that.

363
00:16:33,000 --> 00:16:35,190
I'm actually not on the operations side,

364
00:16:35,190 --> 00:16:36,810
so I'm not hiring the contractors

365
00:16:36,810 --> 00:16:38,580
or dealing with those issues.

366
00:16:38,580 --> 00:16:42,330
Steve Tatko, normally the
manager up, would be the one.

367
00:16:42,330 --> 00:16:43,440
I haven't heard anything that

368
00:16:43,440 --> 00:16:45,063
that's been an issue for us yet.

369
00:16:47,280 --> 00:16:48,210
[Student 2] In your management plans,

370
00:16:48,210 --> 00:16:49,590
do you have contingency plans

371
00:16:49,590 --> 00:16:54,423
for mass die off of each
due to beech leaf disease?

372
00:16:55,315 --> 00:16:56,490
We're aware of it.

373
00:16:56,490 --> 00:17:00,030
I don't know if it's hit us
yet or that we've noticed it.

374
00:17:00,030 --> 00:17:01,923
Do we have contingency plans?

375
00:17:03,180 --> 00:17:05,640
I mean our basic approach is, you know,

376
00:17:05,640 --> 00:17:09,090
if for whatever reason beech dies out,

377
00:17:09,090 --> 00:17:10,830
I mean we're gonna lose ash.

378
00:17:10,830 --> 00:17:12,930
We don't have emerald ash borer yet.

379
00:17:12,930 --> 00:17:15,270
You know, it's a minor, but you know,

380
00:17:15,270 --> 00:17:16,980
few percent of our stocking.

381
00:17:16,980 --> 00:17:19,110
We're gonna lose that at
some point in the not too,

382
00:17:19,110 --> 00:17:20,940
we don't have any contingency plans

383
00:17:20,940 --> 00:17:22,200
necessarily to release that.

384
00:17:22,200 --> 00:17:25,980
We're basically going
to deal with the forest

385
00:17:25,980 --> 00:17:29,250
that nature gives us and
manage it as best we can.

386
00:17:29,250 --> 00:17:31,950
So again, some enhancement activities,

387
00:17:31,950 --> 00:17:34,230
some enhancement planting
of degraded stands.

388
00:17:34,230 --> 00:17:37,500
But I don't know, I'm
not sure what we have

389
00:17:37,500 --> 00:17:39,300
for contingency plans in terms

390
00:17:39,300 --> 00:17:41,010
of like planting some other species

391
00:17:41,010 --> 00:17:42,813
to replace, you know, ash.

392
00:17:43,743 --> 00:17:45,390
[Assistant] I do think
we have some online,

393
00:17:45,390 --> 00:17:47,280
-an online question for you.
-Okay.

394
00:17:47,280 --> 00:17:49,580
[Helper] This is coming
from Kelsey McBlush.

395
00:17:51,150 --> 00:17:53,940
This seems like a lot of
management over a large area.

396
00:17:53,940 --> 00:17:56,490
How do you prioritize
your different activities,

397
00:17:56,490 --> 00:17:59,520
plantation restoration,
early intervention,

398
00:17:59,520 --> 00:18:01,230
pre-commercial thinning?

399
00:18:01,230 --> 00:18:03,900
Is it based on working
in one particular parcel

400
00:18:03,900 --> 00:18:08,040
or work that foresters,
contractors are interested in?

401
00:18:08,040 --> 00:18:10,740
Well, no, we work with Huber on our,

402
00:18:10,740 --> 00:18:14,820
you know, the company to
implement our managed plan.

403
00:18:14,820 --> 00:18:19,530
And early on it was clear
that salvaging beech mortality

404
00:18:19,530 --> 00:18:21,360
was the priority.

405
00:18:21,360 --> 00:18:22,770
So those were the first,

406
00:18:22,770 --> 00:18:24,690
the first stands for the first decade,

407
00:18:24,690 --> 00:18:27,750
we were pretty much in
degraded hardwood stands.

408
00:18:27,750 --> 00:18:29,500
We've worked through most of those.

409
00:18:30,660 --> 00:18:33,060
You know, we're getting into
some higher quality stands,

410
00:18:33,060 --> 00:18:36,540
but now we have a large
number of these young,

411
00:18:36,540 --> 00:18:37,373
even age stands.

412
00:18:37,373 --> 00:18:39,720
Budworm areas, spruce-fir stands

413
00:18:39,720 --> 00:18:41,370
or some hardwood stands that were created

414
00:18:41,370 --> 00:18:42,960
by previous clear cuts.

415
00:18:42,960 --> 00:18:44,520
So we're shifting, you know,

416
00:18:44,520 --> 00:18:48,900
the priority is shifting to,
you know, to try to get in

417
00:18:48,900 --> 00:18:50,580
and treat those as early as possible.

418
00:18:50,580 --> 00:18:53,340
So our priorities have been
set primarily by the condition

419
00:18:53,340 --> 00:18:58,340
of the forest and what types
of stands need treatment,

420
00:18:58,470 --> 00:18:59,823
you know, without delay,

421
00:19:00,840 --> 00:19:03,750
you know, and which stands could you know,

422
00:19:03,750 --> 00:19:05,820
could we leave alone for
another 10 or 15 years

423
00:19:05,820 --> 00:19:06,653
before we began.

424
00:19:11,106 --> 00:19:13,350
[Student] In the plots or
areas that you're managing

425
00:19:13,350 --> 00:19:15,690
more for regeneration,

426
00:19:15,690 --> 00:19:18,000
are you seeing when you're
opening up the canopy

427
00:19:18,000 --> 00:19:20,550
any invasive species
coming in and taking over?

428
00:19:20,550 --> 00:19:22,803
Or are you having
problems with deer browse?

429
00:19:23,670 --> 00:19:24,930
We are lucky that neither

430
00:19:24,930 --> 00:19:27,420
of those issues are major problems.

431
00:19:27,420 --> 00:19:31,020
Invasive species have
not become a major issue

432
00:19:31,020 --> 00:19:35,010
in that part of, you know,
northern New England.

433
00:19:35,010 --> 00:19:36,810
Within the forest, you
know, we keep an eye out

434
00:19:36,810 --> 00:19:39,090
for knotweed, Japanese knotweed

435
00:19:39,090 --> 00:19:40,980
and things like that.

436
00:19:40,980 --> 00:19:43,530
But we don't have problems
with like oriental bittersweet

437
00:19:43,530 --> 00:19:45,030
or buckthorn or those kinds of things

438
00:19:45,030 --> 00:19:46,710
that you have in southern New Hampshire.

439
00:19:46,710 --> 00:19:48,990
And also the deer densities
are not high enough

440
00:19:48,990 --> 00:19:50,160
to create the kinds of problems

441
00:19:50,160 --> 00:19:51,360
that you have in other places.

442
00:19:51,360 --> 00:19:53,210
So we're very lucky in that capacity.

443
00:19:55,680 --> 00:19:58,470
[Student 2] If the pulpwood
market were to shrink

444
00:19:58,470 --> 00:20:00,660
or disappear, how would that change

445
00:20:00,660 --> 00:20:03,090
-your management approaches?
-Well, they would,

446
00:20:03,090 --> 00:20:05,310
it would limit it a lot

447
00:20:05,310 --> 00:20:08,160
because obviously getting
rid of this low grade wood

448
00:20:08,160 --> 00:20:10,770
is critical to what we're trying to do.

449
00:20:10,770 --> 00:20:12,720
That's one thing about the carbon projects

450
00:20:12,720 --> 00:20:14,610
is that they're kind of a hedge,

451
00:20:14,610 --> 00:20:15,930
you know, they're counter cyclic.

452
00:20:15,930 --> 00:20:17,490
If the pulpwood markets go away,

453
00:20:17,490 --> 00:20:21,437
we harvest less, but we
accumulate and sell more carbon.

454
00:20:21,437 --> 00:20:23,190
You know, carbon prices are still too low

455
00:20:23,190 --> 00:20:25,860
to make totally make up the difference.

456
00:20:25,860 --> 00:20:28,745
But yeah, if all the
pulpwood market went away,

457
00:20:28,745 --> 00:20:32,433
we'd have some serious issues,
as you know many people do.

458
00:20:35,310 --> 00:20:37,680
[Student] I guess if or if and how,

459
00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:40,600
like have you taken into consideration

460
00:20:41,910 --> 00:20:43,800
individual pre-species vulnerability

461
00:20:43,800 --> 00:20:46,140
to climate change in
your management approach?

462
00:20:46,140 --> 00:20:48,330
Thinking like certain
species are gonna do well,

463
00:20:48,330 --> 00:20:49,620
others not so much.

464
00:20:49,620 --> 00:20:51,270
Well we do certainly,

465
00:20:51,270 --> 00:20:52,813
like white pine being the example.

466
00:20:52,813 --> 00:20:56,490
That's one we project to
be a climate change winner.

467
00:20:56,490 --> 00:20:57,990
Where we have it, we wanna keep it.

468
00:20:57,990 --> 00:21:01,050
I call it our climate
adaptation seed source.

469
00:21:01,050 --> 00:21:03,030
So we try to maintain that.

470
00:21:03,030 --> 00:21:05,310
Red oak is very limited on our property.

471
00:21:05,310 --> 00:21:07,050
It's a little more common
on some of our new ones.

472
00:21:07,050 --> 00:21:09,360
That's ones we'll probably
treat the same way.

473
00:21:09,360 --> 00:21:11,160
I asked a question of Cody D.

474
00:21:11,160 --> 00:21:13,770
in the last one about planting red spruce

475
00:21:13,770 --> 00:21:16,410
'cause that's supposed to
be a climate change loser,

476
00:21:16,410 --> 00:21:18,420
but he's more optimistic about that.

477
00:21:18,420 --> 00:21:19,920
We're actually, when I talked about

478
00:21:19,920 --> 00:21:21,060
that restoration planting,

479
00:21:21,060 --> 00:21:23,730
it's primarily gonna
be red spruce and pine.

480
00:21:23,730 --> 00:21:26,283
Hardwood species, you know,

481
00:21:27,420 --> 00:21:28,770
what will happen, what will happen,

482
00:21:28,770 --> 00:21:31,713
and we will deal with the species we have.

483
00:21:33,720 --> 00:21:36,555
We haven't been targeting,
I mean we haven't been,

484
00:21:36,555 --> 00:21:39,270
when we get into a stand
with a lot of mature ash,

485
00:21:39,270 --> 00:21:40,920
we probably will take that out,

486
00:21:40,920 --> 00:21:43,582
rather than let it see a
die in five or 10 years.

487
00:21:43,582 --> 00:21:47,249
(multiple people speaking)