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Okay, welcome.

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If you are here for this talk, I'm glad.

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If you're not here for
this talk, stick around.

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I mean, what the heck?

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So I wanna know if I am, yep.

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Okay, great.

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So I'm gonna talk about a report

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that came out earlier this year

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called "Wildlands in New England,"

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supported under the umbrella

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of Wildlands, Woodlands,
Farmlands, and Communities,

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a New England-wide
consortium of organizations

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and institutions that has
been working on this topic

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for almost 20 years now.

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Also involved is Harvard Forest,
Northeast Wilderness Trust,

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and the Highstead Foundation.

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Here's all the partners that are involved.

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And just gonna start briefly

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by saying why we need Wildlands.

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And I'll tell you in a minute
what our definition is,

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but Wildlands have intrinsic value.

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The dominant condition on
the New England landscape

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prior to 400 plus years ago was wildland.

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And so they are the natural condition

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on the landscape and have intrinsic value.

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They support biodiversity, as
we heard about earlier today,

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provide immense benefits
for carbon storage,

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as we heard about earlier today,

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in plenary talk by Heather Furman,

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provide ecological resiliency,

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places for quiet reflection,
and indeed, human health,

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provide baselines for ecological research,

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and contribute to our global, regional,

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and statewide conservation goals.

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So this study started with
early conversations, as I said,

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in 2005, a group that was
working in Massachusetts

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to identify, to characterize
Wildlands and woodlands,

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which means managed lands in
the Massachusetts landscape.

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This was later expanded to
include all of New England.

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With increasing pressure
of climate change,

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biodiversity loss, and
challenges to human health,

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the urgency was really brought forward,

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and we decided to do a study
on where the Wildlands are,

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where the Wildlands in
particular are in New England.

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And as we heard, again
as we heard this morning

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so eloquently,

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New England is part of
the Appalachian region,

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and as such is sort of uniquely positioned

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to help in some of these biodiversity,

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in the biodiversity crisis,

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the climate change crisis,
and in storing carbon.

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These are some of the authors,

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I'm not gonna list them all.

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You can check this out later.

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But our definition of Wildlands,

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"Wildlands are tracts of any
size and current condition,

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"permanently protected from development

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"in which management
is explicitly intended

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"to allow natural processes
to prevail with free will

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"and minimal human interference."

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So this is important.

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They are tracts of land, any size.

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Size is not a criterion,

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and any current condition.

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They could have been,

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they might be very
compromised ecologically now,

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but as long as they're
permanently protected

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from development, and management
is explicitly intended

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to allow natural processes to prevail,

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we call them, in this study,

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for the purposes of this
study, we call them Wildlands.

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The criteria that we used

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to evaluate whether a property
qualifies as a wildland

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were three.

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Wildland intent.

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So there is intent stated
in a legal document

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or an agreement or a management plan

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that really intends for
natural ecological processes

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to prevail over time.

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And then the second one is

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is this actually happening on the ground?

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Is management happening for
an untrammeled condition?

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Untrammeled meaning without
the interference of humans

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or without management by humans.

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Doesn't mean humans don't go there.

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It means that nature manages.

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And then the third thing
is permanent protection.

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Permanent legal protection.

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And I will say that permanent,

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the word permanent is
really a relative term.

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There's no such thing as
permanent, as we all know,

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if we think in geological time,

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and also in human history time,

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permanency is an elusive concept.

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But we're talking about
long-term legal protection.

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So the methodology for this study,

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we first developed a scope,

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what is a wildland, which I just said.

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We did some outreach.

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Outreach to public agencies
and conservation organizations

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throughout the region
to do this inventory,

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and we did a systematic review.

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And I am telling you,

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we looked at every single
conservation easement,

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every document, every legal agreement,

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really perused them.

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And when I say we, I don't mean me.

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I mean people at the Harvard Forest,

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people involved in this research.

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There's a long list of
people who are involved

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to evaluate whether
they've met these criteria

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and then analyzed the data
and produced some outcomes.

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So we think that this is the first study

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in the United States
to map and characterize

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all permanently conserved
lands in one region

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that are managed to be forever wild.

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And so here's what we found out.

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What we found out, well,
here's the four questions

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that we posed and answered.

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How much wildland, as we define it,

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currently exists in New England?

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Where are the Wildlands
located in New England?

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What are the characteristics
of these Wildlands?

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What are they like?

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And how well are they currently protected?

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What is their protection status?

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So the punchline is basically this,

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81% of the New England
landscape is forested.

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That's not news to you probably,

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but 3.3% of that is
classified in our study

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as qualifying as Wildlands.

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So 3.3% of the landscape is Wildlands.

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And so those are shown
in the dark on this,

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dark green on this map.

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This next trio of maps shows
forest cover in New England.

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And then the second one is
forest cover in lighter green.

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And then the darker
green is conserved land.

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And the dark, dark green is the Wildlands.

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So the Wildlands, again, on the right.

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So you can see, obviously
there's a lot of conserved land,

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but those are not Wildlands.

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Those are lands that are
managed for other purposes.

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Another aspect of where are the Wildlands

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is there is, part of this study,

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one of the products of this study,

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is there's an interactive
web map which you can go to,

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and you can click on any
one of these polygons

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and find out more about the parcel.

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When it was designated, who owns it,

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how large it is, and that sort of thing.

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This is a living database,
and we encourage people

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to add to this database,

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and there's a process for doing that.

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So I encourage you to do that.

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So then what is the protection
status of these Wildlands,

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and what's the historic and
current protection status?

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Well, in this chart you can see,

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there's a general trend upward
in protection of Wildlands

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in the region that goes, you know,

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sort of exponentially upward
in the last couple of decades.

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Each one of those bars is a decade,

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if you can't read that
thing on the bottom.

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And then interestingly, who owns,

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the nature of the ownership is interesting

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as it's changed over time.

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The last couple of decades,
the green on this chart

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is conservation organizations, NGOs.

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The red is federal and the blue is state.

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So there's a bump there in 1940,

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and that's the establishment
of Baxter State Park.

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But beyond that, a lot of
it has been, since then,

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a lot of it has been federal
land, forest service land

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and wilderness areas in particular.

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But most recently, the
last couple of decades,

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there's been a lot of activity

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by conservation organizations,

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the Nature Conservancy,
Northeast Wilderness Trust,

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others doing wildland conservation.

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And then who are these ownerships?

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How is this ownership of
Wildlands distributed by state?

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Well, in the upper left
you see New England

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as a whole is is
approximately a third federal,

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a third, slightly more than a third state,

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and about a quarter
conservation organizations.

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And just picking out a couple of states

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that are contrasting.

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Massachusetts, most of the
wild lands in Massachusetts

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are state lands.

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Most of the wild lands
in New Hampshire are,

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not surprisingly, federal
lands, federal wilderness.

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In Vermont here we have
about half federal,

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about 31% state

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and about 12% private
conservation organizations.

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The other two categories
are skinny categories,

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but important ones.

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Private lands that don't,

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that aren't conserved in
any of these other ways.

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And then educational institutions.

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So the University of Vermont, for example,

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is one of the educational institutions

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that does protect Wildlands.

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So, and then what is
their protection status

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in strength of management
and permanency of protection?

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This chart is probably impossible to read,

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but basically it's a gradient.

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This axis here is
permanence of protection.

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So what are the legal protections?

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And then the upper axis is

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the actual management on the ground.

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So just a couple of examples.

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In the upper left is the
Harvard Forest Pisgah Tract,

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which actually does not have
permanent legal protection,

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but has been managed for
decades as a wildland,

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and the expectation is
that it will continue

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to be protected that way.

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So has very, very strong
on the ground protection

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but not legal protection.

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Whereas there are some other places

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that have high legal protection

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on the right hand side,

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but on the ground it's a little unclear

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whether the management is actually

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for a completely untrammeled condition.

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Just some examples.

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I'm just gonna run through a few examples

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of some of these Wildlands,

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Baxter State Park.

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I'm gonna just look over

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and see how many more minutes I have.

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Two minutes.

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Okay, thank you.

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Baxter State Park,

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which is the largest in New England,

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Muddy Pond Wilderness
Preserve in Massachusetts,

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Monhegan Island,

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surprisingly a lot of that is wildland,

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Groton State Forest here in Vermont,

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Connecticut College.

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And then in New Hampshire,
the Vickie Bunnell Preserve,

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which is one that's protected by ownership

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by the Nature Conservancy

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and an overlay easement by
Northeast Wilderness Trust,

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what we think of as the
strongest protection.

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Key recommendations,
we recommend first that

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center Wildlands in an integrated
approach to protection.

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Recommendation two,
strengthen existing Wildlands,

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developing clear intent,

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developing permanency of protection.

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And recommendation three, more.

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We just need more Wildlands.

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So advance wildland conservation

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significantly, thoughtfully
and strategically

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with some priorities such as

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okay, we've got lots of high elevation,

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don't need more high elevation.

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We do need more old forests.

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We do need more low land Calcareous areas.

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We have Vermont Conservation
Design to help guide us

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in these areas in
advancing more old forest.

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So Bob Zaino will be
talking more about that

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in just a minute.

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We do have Act 59 now.

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It's the law,

264
00:13:39,330 --> 00:13:41,370
and we have new regulations

265
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in our use value appraisal program.

266
00:13:44,310 --> 00:13:46,140
So I'm gonna end there.

267
00:13:46,140 --> 00:13:47,340
We've got some reports.

268
00:13:47,340 --> 00:13:51,630
I've got copies here of an
executive summary of the report.

269
00:13:51,630 --> 00:13:53,250
And please just google

270
00:13:53,250 --> 00:13:55,620
Wildlands, Woodlands,
Farmlands and Communities

271
00:13:55,620 --> 00:13:58,860
or Wildlands in New England
for more information.

272
00:13:58,860 --> 00:14:01,770
And I'll stop there and take
a couple questions, I think.

273
00:14:01,770 --> 00:14:03,240
Is that correct?

274
00:14:03,240 --> 00:14:04,263
Okay, thank you.

275
00:14:05,102 --> 00:14:08,352
(audience applauding)

276
00:14:16,320 --> 00:14:17,400
Good, there are no questions.

277
00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:19,500
So now I can tell you one more thing.

278
00:14:19,500 --> 00:14:21,150
There's an online publication

279
00:14:21,150 --> 00:14:23,790
that we've just launched
called From the Ground Up.

280
00:14:23,790 --> 00:14:24,623
Check that out.

281
00:14:24,623 --> 00:14:26,503
Okay, yeah,

282
00:14:26,503 --> 00:14:29,520
(audience member talking)

283
00:14:29,520 --> 00:14:33,120
Turning Degraded lands into
Wildlands, and that's great.

284
00:14:33,120 --> 00:14:36,810
And our, I noted that our criteria

285
00:14:36,810 --> 00:14:38,850
did not include current conditions.

286
00:14:38,850 --> 00:14:43,380
So we welcome degraded lands
into the Wildlands category

287
00:14:43,380 --> 00:14:48,240
as long as there's an intention
to maybe manage a tiny bit

288
00:14:48,240 --> 00:14:52,650
for the first year or so,
plug some ditches so forth,

289
00:14:52,650 --> 00:14:55,850
but then leave nature to take its course.

290
00:14:55,850 --> 00:14:58,422
Yes.

291
00:14:58,422 --> 00:15:00,240
(audience member talking)

292
00:15:00,240 --> 00:15:01,901
A place that is invaded,
I'll repeat the question,

293
00:15:01,901 --> 00:15:03,840
a place that is invaded by,

294
00:15:03,840 --> 00:15:06,090
heavily invaded by non-native plants.

295
00:15:06,090 --> 00:15:10,890
Yes, so I have a mixed response to that.

296
00:15:10,890 --> 00:15:14,850
The first is we, in our
definition of Wildlands,

297
00:15:14,850 --> 00:15:19,850
we do allow for some
short term management,

298
00:15:19,950 --> 00:15:23,010
intensive, short term, targeted management

299
00:15:23,010 --> 00:15:25,530
and maybe longer term
for invasive species,

300
00:15:25,530 --> 00:15:28,110
but really targeted and really thoughtful

301
00:15:28,110 --> 00:15:30,390
because they're not, they
don't all behave the same.

302
00:15:30,390 --> 00:15:34,560
Some of them actually will
blink out on their own over time

303
00:15:34,560 --> 00:15:35,820
if you just leave it alone.

304
00:15:35,820 --> 00:15:38,820
Others do need management over time.

305
00:15:38,820 --> 00:15:42,120
So just being really thoughtful
and careful about that,

306
00:15:42,120 --> 00:15:43,170
but not ignoring it.

307
00:15:43,170 --> 00:15:44,220
I agree.

308
00:15:44,220 --> 00:15:46,884
Yeah, one more question.

309
00:15:46,884 --> 00:15:47,910
(audience member talking)

310
00:15:47,910 --> 00:15:50,250
Thank you, yeah, so support for this work.

311
00:15:50,250 --> 00:15:52,590
Support for the work,
and I think I'm hoping

312
00:15:52,590 --> 00:15:54,930
that the subsequent couple of talks

313
00:15:54,930 --> 00:15:57,513
will address that to some extent.

314
00:15:58,350 --> 00:15:59,220
Really good point.

315
00:15:59,220 --> 00:16:01,623
Really good topic.

316
00:16:01,623 --> 00:16:03,300
And I think I'll leave it at that.

317
00:16:03,300 --> 00:16:05,088
And thank you very much.

318
00:16:05,088 --> 00:16:08,338
(audience applauding)