1
00:00:05,420 --> 00:00:07,520
- Judy is the Vermont state entomologist

2
00:00:07,520 --> 00:00:10,720
with the Vermont Agency of
Agriculture Food and Markets,

3
00:00:10,720 --> 00:00:13,250
served as staff with FEMC,

4
00:00:13,250 --> 00:00:15,960
and worked with USDA
APHIS Plant Protection

5
00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:17,750
and Quarantine Program.

6
00:00:17,750 --> 00:00:19,770
Today, she is presenting updates

7
00:00:19,770 --> 00:00:21,680
on federal pest deregulation

8
00:00:21,680 --> 00:00:24,433
and status of pests of regional concern.

9
00:00:25,870 --> 00:00:27,483
- Okay. Thank you so much.

10
00:00:28,330 --> 00:00:30,700
Okay, so my name's Judy Rosovsky,

11
00:00:30,700 --> 00:00:32,660
as Nancy kindly said,

12
00:00:32,660 --> 00:00:34,440
and I will be talking to you today

13
00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:39,440
to update you on the
federal pest deregulations

14
00:00:39,480 --> 00:00:41,993
and status of pests of regional concern.

15
00:00:42,840 --> 00:00:46,520
One of the pests that
was recently deregulated

16
00:00:46,520 --> 00:00:48,680
was deregulated the beginning of 2021,

17
00:00:48,680 --> 00:00:49,930
was the Emerald Ash Borer,

18
00:00:49,930 --> 00:00:52,640
and Emerald Ash Borer
is a tree killing pest,

19
00:00:52,640 --> 00:00:54,230
so it has the potential

20
00:00:54,230 --> 00:00:57,123
to cause a great deal
of forest disruption.

21
00:00:58,210 --> 00:01:00,333
In the regulatory world,

22
00:01:00,333 --> 00:01:03,630
the federal government no
longer has its quarantine

23
00:01:03,630 --> 00:01:05,395
on Emerald Ash Borer.

24
00:01:05,395 --> 00:01:07,760
Any compliance agreements that were made

25
00:01:07,760 --> 00:01:10,653
with the federal
government no longer apply.

26
00:01:11,540 --> 00:01:13,240
It's incumbent on states now

27
00:01:13,240 --> 00:01:16,720
to certify kilns that treat firewood,

28
00:01:16,720 --> 00:01:19,360
so you can't use USDA
language on stickers.

29
00:01:19,360 --> 00:01:23,420
And for those businesses
concerned about this,

30
00:01:23,420 --> 00:01:25,990
third party certification
is under consideration

31
00:01:25,990 --> 00:01:28,930
so it wouldn't necessarily
be state personnel

32
00:01:28,930 --> 00:01:31,480
that were doing kiln certifications.

33
00:01:31,480 --> 00:01:33,670
You might be able to hire someone.

34
00:01:33,670 --> 00:01:34,690
One of the reasons

35
00:01:34,690 --> 00:01:38,380
that the feds decided to
deregulate Emerald Ash Borer

36
00:01:38,380 --> 00:01:40,470
was they wanted to concentrate
more of their efforts

37
00:01:40,470 --> 00:01:42,393
on bio-controlled releases.

38
00:01:43,970 --> 00:01:48,970
Their goal is to release
the stingless, tiny wasps

39
00:01:49,920 --> 00:01:53,240
that are parasitoids of Emerald Ash Borer

40
00:01:53,240 --> 00:01:56,710
in every county that's infested
with Emerald Ash Borer,

41
00:01:56,710 --> 00:01:58,400
but I've heard from Josh Hallman,

42
00:01:58,400 --> 00:01:59,850
from Forests, Parks, and Recreation,

43
00:01:59,850 --> 00:02:01,824
who's the lead person

44
00:02:01,824 --> 00:02:03,723
in these bio-control efforts in Vermont,

45
00:02:04,660 --> 00:02:07,170
that due to some issues

46
00:02:07,170 --> 00:02:09,910
they may only be doing
releases in 30 states.

47
00:02:09,910 --> 00:02:13,350
So I'm not quite sure what the
2022 release status will be,

48
00:02:13,350 --> 00:02:15,320
but we do have two release sites

49
00:02:15,320 --> 00:02:16,580
and you can see John Jericho,

50
00:02:16,580 --> 00:02:17,950
from Forests, Parks, and Recreation,

51
00:02:17,950 --> 00:02:19,570
with an oobinator;

52
00:02:19,570 --> 00:02:22,810
that's the device used to release oobius,

53
00:02:22,810 --> 00:02:25,010
the egg parasitoid.

54
00:02:25,010 --> 00:02:28,050
And this is Tetrastichus,

55
00:02:28,050 --> 00:02:30,130
another larval parasitoid

56
00:02:30,130 --> 00:02:32,123
that we released in South Hero.

57
00:02:33,110 --> 00:02:34,320
Forests, Parks, and Recreation

58
00:02:34,320 --> 00:02:36,920
plays a large role in EAB

59
00:02:36,920 --> 00:02:38,760
and one of their many contributions

60
00:02:38,760 --> 00:02:40,480
is to have created this map

61
00:02:40,480 --> 00:02:43,190
that shows the severity
of the infestations

62
00:02:43,190 --> 00:02:45,010
in addition to their location.

63
00:02:45,010 --> 00:02:49,343
So you can find this
map at VTinvasives.org.

64
00:02:54,860 --> 00:02:55,693
So,

65
00:02:55,693 --> 00:02:59,720
Light Brown Apple Moth
is a agricultural pest,

66
00:02:59,720 --> 00:03:03,760
but you'll note it has 2000
hosts that it can attack,

67
00:03:03,760 --> 00:03:06,170
so kind of a problem.

68
00:03:06,170 --> 00:03:08,150
It's so far been confined to California,

69
00:03:08,150 --> 00:03:12,053
but it was deregulated,

70
00:03:13,040 --> 00:03:17,390
or it's deregulation will go
into effect tomorrow, actually,

71
00:03:17,390 --> 00:03:20,800
despite the objections
of a number of states.

72
00:03:20,800 --> 00:03:23,120
And we had some discussions
with the USDA about that,

73
00:03:23,120 --> 00:03:25,763
so just want to put
this one on your radar.

74
00:03:27,930 --> 00:03:30,800
Another pest that's been
deregulated is a Pine Shoot Beetle.

75
00:03:30,800 --> 00:03:34,223
Vermont actually had a
quarantine for that insect,

76
00:03:36,150 --> 00:03:37,830
but we never really enforced it

77
00:03:37,830 --> 00:03:39,650
because it turned out
it was so widespread.

78
00:03:39,650 --> 00:03:43,300
It was kind of meaningless
to try to regulate it

79
00:03:43,300 --> 00:03:45,033
to curtail its movement.

80
00:03:46,550 --> 00:03:48,660
And then another agricultural pest

81
00:03:48,660 --> 00:03:50,160
is Chrysanthemum White Rust,

82
00:03:50,160 --> 00:03:55,160
which turns out not to really
get dispersed into the wild,

83
00:03:55,390 --> 00:03:57,460
so it's still regulated,

84
00:03:57,460 --> 00:04:01,140
but it's going to be deregulated soon.

85
00:04:01,140 --> 00:04:03,853
And this is just an image
of the Pine Shoot Beetle.

86
00:04:06,370 --> 00:04:10,570
Another insect that's not deregulated yet

87
00:04:10,570 --> 00:04:12,853
is on the list to be deregulated,

88
00:04:14,580 --> 00:04:16,550
is a Velvet Longhorn Beetle

89
00:04:16,550 --> 00:04:19,773
and it moves on furniture
and wood packing material.

90
00:04:21,050 --> 00:04:25,210
Vermont and Maine objected
to its impending deregulation

91
00:04:25,210 --> 00:04:26,820
because it's not quite clear

92
00:04:26,820 --> 00:04:28,810
if it only attacks dead and dying tissue,

93
00:04:28,810 --> 00:04:31,550
or if it attacks live tissue,

94
00:04:31,550 --> 00:04:33,530
and it can go after fruit trees

95
00:04:33,530 --> 00:04:37,660
and other, you know,
trees of significance,

96
00:04:37,660 --> 00:04:39,023
like maple and walnut.

97
00:04:41,200 --> 00:04:43,810
It's present in high numbers

98
00:04:43,810 --> 00:04:47,210
or, you know, more than
one in about six states,

99
00:04:47,210 --> 00:04:49,730
and then it's been found in
a number of other states.

100
00:04:49,730 --> 00:04:51,593
There was a find in New Hampshire

101
00:04:51,593 --> 00:04:56,593
and Vermont got some in infested
furniture from Minnesota

102
00:04:56,730 --> 00:04:57,953
in 2016.

103
00:04:59,270 --> 00:05:00,730
These are all eradicated,

104
00:05:00,730 --> 00:05:02,670
so these are just called
regulatory incidents.

105
00:05:02,670 --> 00:05:04,420
It's not established in Vermont,

106
00:05:04,420 --> 00:05:05,950
but it's certainly a threat,

107
00:05:05,950 --> 00:05:08,900
and this is a second or
third most intercepted

108
00:05:08,900 --> 00:05:11,133
serabised at the border.

109
00:05:12,040 --> 00:05:14,320
So something to keep in mind.

110
00:05:14,320 --> 00:05:15,590
Asian Longhorn Beetle

111
00:05:15,590 --> 00:05:17,003
is another tree killer,

112
00:05:17,840 --> 00:05:19,830
not quite as bad as Emerald Ash Borer,

113
00:05:19,830 --> 00:05:22,830
but not something that
Vermont wants to have.

114
00:05:22,830 --> 00:05:25,450
This is a tree climber in Massachusetts.

115
00:05:25,450 --> 00:05:27,600
He's looking for these exit holes,

116
00:05:27,600 --> 00:05:29,300
dime-shaped exit holes,

117
00:05:29,300 --> 00:05:30,450
or dime-sized exit holes,

118
00:05:30,450 --> 00:05:32,430
and the over position holes,

119
00:05:32,430 --> 00:05:35,430
and a distinct looking beetle.

120
00:05:35,430 --> 00:05:39,750
If you see these, please
report it to VTinvasives.org.

121
00:05:39,750 --> 00:05:42,240
We do not have it in
Vermont that we know of,

122
00:05:42,240 --> 00:05:44,880
but it is nearby in Massachusetts,

123
00:05:44,880 --> 00:05:45,713
in New York.

124
00:05:49,610 --> 00:05:54,020
This shows the acreage of infested areas

125
00:05:54,020 --> 00:05:56,250
in the four states that have it.

126
00:05:56,250 --> 00:05:58,330
And I just want to draw
your attention to Ohio

127
00:05:58,330 --> 00:06:02,690
where they've removed a
considerable number of hosts

128
00:06:03,650 --> 00:06:07,540
in an effort to eradicate
the insect from that state.

129
00:06:07,540 --> 00:06:10,170
It is an insect that is eradicable

130
00:06:10,170 --> 00:06:15,170
because it has been
removed from other areas.

131
00:06:15,340 --> 00:06:18,383
I'm sorry, I'm having problems
with my notifications.

132
00:06:20,220 --> 00:06:23,590
Oops, wait back. There we go.

133
00:06:23,590 --> 00:06:25,920
So it has been eradicated from Illinois,

134
00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:27,283
Chicago, basically,

135
00:06:30,000 --> 00:06:32,293
and New Jersey, and Toronto.

136
00:06:33,570 --> 00:06:37,970
These are maps to show you the
regulated areas nearest us,

137
00:06:37,970 --> 00:06:39,550
which is central Massachusetts,

138
00:06:39,550 --> 00:06:43,150
and also in the area near New York City.

139
00:06:43,150 --> 00:06:44,710
There are 12 species of trees

140
00:06:44,710 --> 00:06:47,723
that are not allowed to be
removed from these areas.

141
00:06:50,030 --> 00:06:53,203
So, and also Massachusetts doesn't allow,

142
00:06:54,400 --> 00:06:56,800
you know, firewood to be
brought into campgrounds.

143
00:06:56,800 --> 00:06:58,663
I think you have to buy it on site.

144
00:06:59,710 --> 00:07:03,300
Another tree pest that we have

145
00:07:03,300 --> 00:07:05,670
that's not really a tree killer,

146
00:07:05,670 --> 00:07:08,820
although this can be debated,

147
00:07:08,820 --> 00:07:11,610
but Lymantria dispar dispar

148
00:07:11,610 --> 00:07:13,340
formerly known as the Gypsy Moth.

149
00:07:13,340 --> 00:07:14,970
This is an adult female,

150
00:07:14,970 --> 00:07:15,933
adult male,

151
00:07:17,279 --> 00:07:18,880
part of an egg mass,

152
00:07:18,880 --> 00:07:20,300
and these are some exposed eggs,

153
00:07:20,300 --> 00:07:23,780
and these are parasitoid
pupa it looks like.

154
00:07:23,780 --> 00:07:27,600
This is defoliation off
of I-89 from this spring.

155
00:07:27,600 --> 00:07:31,320
So these insects were
brought to this country,

156
00:07:31,320 --> 00:07:33,950
to Medford, Massachusetts in about 1870

157
00:07:33,950 --> 00:07:36,490
and their first outbreak was about 1890.

158
00:07:36,490 --> 00:07:38,170
So they'd been present in New England

159
00:07:38,170 --> 00:07:39,600
for over a hundred years

160
00:07:39,600 --> 00:07:41,260
and we still have plenty of oak trees,

161
00:07:41,260 --> 00:07:44,460
so that's why I feel like
they're not a real threat.

162
00:07:44,460 --> 00:07:47,000
On the other hand, they are a stressor

163
00:07:47,000 --> 00:07:49,250
and with the number of
droughts that we've had,

164
00:07:49,250 --> 00:07:51,200
so droughts combined with defoliation,

165
00:07:51,200 --> 00:07:53,360
is not a good thing for the trees

166
00:07:53,360 --> 00:07:55,930
in those susceptible areas.

167
00:07:55,930 --> 00:07:57,010
So the question is,

168
00:07:57,010 --> 00:08:00,170
what's gonna happen in the spring of 2022,

169
00:08:00,170 --> 00:08:05,170
and has the natural enemy
population of the LDDs

170
00:08:06,690 --> 00:08:07,740
increased to a level

171
00:08:07,740 --> 00:08:12,290
where it will be able to
control next year's population,

172
00:08:12,290 --> 00:08:15,470
or will there be another
defoliation event?

173
00:08:15,470 --> 00:08:17,650
This is what the caterpillars look like

174
00:08:17,650 --> 00:08:19,200
when they've been killed by NPV,

175
00:08:19,200 --> 00:08:21,113
the Nuclear Polyhedrosis virus.

176
00:08:22,500 --> 00:08:23,840
This is what caterpillars look like

177
00:08:23,840 --> 00:08:26,010
when they'd been killed
by Entomophaga maimaiga,

178
00:08:26,010 --> 00:08:30,210
the fungus that's actually
prevented Gypsy Moth outbreaks

179
00:08:30,210 --> 00:08:33,180
from happening in Vermont
for the last 30 years.

180
00:08:33,180 --> 00:08:35,020
I should've said LDD.

181
00:08:35,020 --> 00:08:37,120
Notice that their heads are down

182
00:08:37,120 --> 00:08:40,490
and you can see they're
pro legs sticking out.

183
00:08:40,490 --> 00:08:43,100
And this is an egg parasitite,

184
00:08:43,100 --> 00:08:43,933
a parasitoid, Ooencyrtus kuvanae.

185
00:08:46,380 --> 00:08:48,520
They were very abundant this fall.

186
00:08:48,520 --> 00:08:49,900
They are small

187
00:08:49,900 --> 00:08:52,780
and they can't reach all the
way through the egg masses

188
00:08:52,780 --> 00:08:54,530
to get all the eggs,

189
00:08:54,530 --> 00:08:59,100
but they can contribute
to the population decline.

190
00:08:59,100 --> 00:09:01,770
So we're gonna have to
make a decision next year

191
00:09:01,770 --> 00:09:04,420
before we know if the
natural enemy population

192
00:09:04,420 --> 00:09:05,933
is gonna control these or not,

193
00:09:07,095 --> 00:09:08,963
which is unfortunate.

194
00:09:10,870 --> 00:09:12,120
So, Spotted Lanternfly,

195
00:09:12,120 --> 00:09:15,130
again, not a tree killer.

196
00:09:15,130 --> 00:09:17,770
It does have a large
number of host species,

197
00:09:17,770 --> 00:09:18,863
maybe 70.

198
00:09:20,470 --> 00:09:23,560
It doesn't apparently
always stay in the same area

199
00:09:23,560 --> 00:09:25,690
long enough to do that
much damage to trees,

200
00:09:25,690 --> 00:09:27,560
but there's some crops that it goes after,

201
00:09:27,560 --> 00:09:29,570
particularly grapes.

202
00:09:29,570 --> 00:09:31,900
It's also a public nuisance

203
00:09:31,900 --> 00:09:35,810
and it can harm small, young trees

204
00:09:36,840 --> 00:09:38,710
because of their piercing,
sucking mouth parts.

205
00:09:38,710 --> 00:09:43,570
So, the blue areas indicate
counties that are infested

206
00:09:44,610 --> 00:09:49,430
and the red or purple dots
show where it's been found,

207
00:09:49,430 --> 00:09:51,913
but has not established populations yet.

208
00:09:52,950 --> 00:09:54,610
So these are what the egg masses,

209
00:09:54,610 --> 00:09:55,443
they're hard to see,

210
00:09:55,443 --> 00:09:56,276
this is what they look like.

211
00:09:56,276 --> 00:09:57,880
They look like a blotch of mud.

212
00:09:57,880 --> 00:10:01,440
These are the first through
third instar nymphs.

213
00:10:01,440 --> 00:10:03,730
This is a fourth instar,

214
00:10:03,730 --> 00:10:05,840
and then adults with a wing folded

215
00:10:05,840 --> 00:10:08,533
and the wings open where
they're so brightly colored.

216
00:10:09,650 --> 00:10:11,250
These are where we found them in Vermont.

217
00:10:11,250 --> 00:10:14,240
Again, this is not established in Vermont.

218
00:10:14,240 --> 00:10:16,847
We only had one live incident last year

219
00:10:16,847 --> 00:10:18,633
and all three adults are dead,

220
00:10:19,540 --> 00:10:21,920
but that put us on the
map for good or bad.

221
00:10:21,920 --> 00:10:23,243
So we're trying to,

222
00:10:24,210 --> 00:10:26,830
you know, speed up our outreach campaign

223
00:10:26,830 --> 00:10:28,290
to get people more aware of these,

224
00:10:28,290 --> 00:10:29,480
and if you see 'em,

225
00:10:29,480 --> 00:10:32,233
please report 'em to VTinvasives.org.

226
00:10:33,760 --> 00:10:35,800
Another problem that we're looking at,

227
00:10:35,800 --> 00:10:38,250
and it's forest impact isn't clear

228
00:10:38,250 --> 00:10:41,560
but it will most assuredly
have some effect,

229
00:10:41,560 --> 00:10:42,790
are these jumping worms

230
00:10:42,790 --> 00:10:45,203
that are mostly in the genus Amynthas.

231
00:10:46,230 --> 00:10:49,790
They can change soil PH and texture,

232
00:10:49,790 --> 00:10:53,650
and possibly the moisture regime.

233
00:10:53,650 --> 00:10:56,120
There are no legal
chemical treatments for it.

234
00:10:56,120 --> 00:10:58,160
You can kill them by picking them up

235
00:10:58,160 --> 00:11:00,250
and putting them in soapy
water for a couple of hours

236
00:11:00,250 --> 00:11:01,460
to drown them

237
00:11:01,460 --> 00:11:03,230
or putting them in plastic bags,

238
00:11:03,230 --> 00:11:06,713
double bagged, and put them
in the sun to roast them.

239
00:11:08,830 --> 00:11:12,530
So we're working on finding ways

240
00:11:12,530 --> 00:11:13,880
that we can legally kill them,

241
00:11:13,880 --> 00:11:15,610
but a soil drench is problematic.

242
00:11:15,610 --> 00:11:17,610
You don't want to kill
everything in the soil.

243
00:11:17,610 --> 00:11:20,390
And this is a map I took off of from

244
00:11:20,390 --> 00:11:21,630
I Naturalist records

245
00:11:21,630 --> 00:11:23,330
of where this worm has been found,

246
00:11:23,330 --> 00:11:28,330
so fairly widespread at the moment.

247
00:11:28,420 --> 00:11:30,800
Another way we look for insects

248
00:11:30,800 --> 00:11:34,290
is through the trapping
program that Emily Inoue runs

249
00:11:34,290 --> 00:11:35,643
for Agency of Ag.

250
00:11:36,660 --> 00:11:41,660
This year, these looked for
past federal and state concerns

251
00:11:41,900 --> 00:11:44,037
that we found Anisandrus maiche,

252
00:11:45,280 --> 00:11:46,470
Tomicus piniperda,

253
00:11:46,470 --> 00:11:48,680
which is a Pine Shoot
Beetle that we knew we had,

254
00:11:48,680 --> 00:11:49,583
and Sirex noctilio,

255
00:11:49,583 --> 00:11:50,880
that we also knew we had

256
00:11:50,880 --> 00:11:53,650
but not necessarily from Orange County,

257
00:11:53,650 --> 00:11:56,350
and some of these insects have
been found in other states,

258
00:11:56,350 --> 00:11:57,510
particularly Anisandrus,

259
00:11:57,510 --> 00:12:00,786
which I understand is abundant

260
00:12:00,786 --> 00:12:04,420
in the Southeastern portion of the US.

261
00:12:04,420 --> 00:12:08,760
I'm not quite clear how
much of a problem it causes,

262
00:12:08,760 --> 00:12:09,880
but it's something that,

263
00:12:09,880 --> 00:12:11,730
you know, we found it more than once.

264
00:12:12,580 --> 00:12:14,250
There's this other Ambrosia beetle,

265
00:12:14,250 --> 00:12:16,463
so the Anisandrus is an Ambrosia beetle.

266
00:12:19,020 --> 00:12:21,150
Heteroborips seriatus is too.

267
00:12:21,150 --> 00:12:23,693
Trichoferus, that's the
Velvet Longhorn Beetle.

268
00:12:24,670 --> 00:12:25,980
It keeps showing up.

269
00:12:25,980 --> 00:12:27,810
And then this grape borer.

270
00:12:27,810 --> 00:12:29,070
So these are things, you know,

271
00:12:29,070 --> 00:12:30,500
we just want to know where they are,

272
00:12:30,500 --> 00:12:31,700
what they're doing.

273
00:12:31,700 --> 00:12:33,920
Other pests, the Box Tree Moth

274
00:12:33,920 --> 00:12:36,630
appears to be coming across
the river from Canada

275
00:12:36,630 --> 00:12:37,463
all on its own,

276
00:12:37,463 --> 00:12:40,510
in addition to being transported
through nursery stock.

277
00:12:40,510 --> 00:12:42,260
The Brown Tail Moth in Maine

278
00:12:42,260 --> 00:12:45,683
has urticating hairs that
irritate lungs and skin.

279
00:12:46,960 --> 00:12:48,870
And Beech Leaf Disease is on the march.

280
00:12:48,870 --> 00:12:50,360
I was told that in Connecticut

281
00:12:50,360 --> 00:12:52,180
it was found one year in one county

282
00:12:52,180 --> 00:12:55,690
and the next year it
was in all the counties.

283
00:12:55,690 --> 00:12:58,120
So, the cumulative effect

284
00:12:58,120 --> 00:13:00,410
of all these stressors
on trees is unknown,

285
00:13:00,410 --> 00:13:02,550
but it's unlikely to be positive.

286
00:13:02,550 --> 00:13:03,670
And between the droughts

287
00:13:03,670 --> 00:13:05,660
that we've been seeing with climate change

288
00:13:05,660 --> 00:13:07,740
and the increased global trade

289
00:13:07,740 --> 00:13:11,590
that's increased the
number of insect pests

290
00:13:11,590 --> 00:13:13,490
coming to this country,

291
00:13:13,490 --> 00:13:15,200
we really need to do all we can

292
00:13:15,200 --> 00:13:19,130
to keep our forests healthy and resilient.

293
00:13:19,130 --> 00:13:22,003
So, thank you. I'll stop now.

294
00:13:23,780 --> 00:13:27,100
Okay. Well, you have my contact
information on this slide,

295
00:13:27,100 --> 00:13:28,580
so, whoops.

296
00:13:28,580 --> 00:13:31,013
- [Nancy] Okay. We have
one in the chat box.

297
00:13:33,260 --> 00:13:34,093
Canuse, from Aaron Weig,

298
00:13:34,093 --> 00:13:39,093
can you say which town in Orange
County Sirex was detected?

299
00:13:39,390 --> 00:13:41,210
- I could probably tell you privately.

300
00:13:41,210 --> 00:13:43,990
I actually don't know
off the top of my head,

301
00:13:43,990 --> 00:13:45,040
but I can find that out,

302
00:13:45,040 --> 00:13:46,690
so if you want to send me an email

303
00:13:46,690 --> 00:13:50,150
to Judy.Rosovsky@vermont.gov,

304
00:13:50,150 --> 00:13:52,100
I can see if I can dig that up for you.

305
00:13:54,130 --> 00:13:57,020
- [Nancy] I have a question,
Judy, I was curious,

306
00:13:57,020 --> 00:13:59,360
are there like, preventative measures

307
00:13:59,360 --> 00:14:01,780
that people can be taking to prevent the,

308
00:14:01,780 --> 00:14:02,650
you know, like you said,

309
00:14:02,650 --> 00:14:04,770
the Asian Longhorn
Beetle is not in Vermont,

310
00:14:04,770 --> 00:14:05,810
but it's close by.

311
00:14:05,810 --> 00:14:08,750
Are there things that
people should be aware of

312
00:14:08,750 --> 00:14:10,873
that could help stop the spread?

313
00:14:11,890 --> 00:14:14,380
- Finding it as soon as it
gets here would be great,

314
00:14:14,380 --> 00:14:16,630
so if people notice
those signs and symptoms

315
00:14:16,630 --> 00:14:17,910
over position sites,

316
00:14:17,910 --> 00:14:19,890
and the exit holes,

317
00:14:19,890 --> 00:14:22,310
and tell, you know, a forester,

318
00:14:22,310 --> 00:14:23,180
me,

319
00:14:23,180 --> 00:14:27,250
anybody who's involved with
forest protection about it,

320
00:14:27,250 --> 00:14:28,430
the sooner we find it,

321
00:14:28,430 --> 00:14:30,373
the easier it is to eliminate.

322
00:14:32,000 --> 00:14:34,670
So, thank you. That was a great question.

323
00:14:34,670 --> 00:14:36,160
And also don't move firewood

324
00:14:36,160 --> 00:14:39,830
because that's how we transport
Asian Longhorn Beetle.

325
00:14:39,830 --> 00:14:40,663
- [Nancy] Yeah. I don't know

326
00:14:40,663 --> 00:14:41,496
if can you see the chat box?

327
00:14:41,496 --> 00:14:43,960
Allison also said use local firewood.

328
00:14:43,960 --> 00:14:44,793
- Oh, right. Yep.

329
00:14:44,793 --> 00:14:46,010
Local firewood is good.

330
00:14:46,010 --> 00:14:47,250
- [Nancy] Yeah.

331
00:14:47,250 --> 00:14:48,083
- Thank you.

332
00:14:49,780 --> 00:14:50,613
Well, thanks.

333
00:14:50,613 --> 00:14:52,203
Thanks everybody for coming.