1 00:00:01,130 --> 00:00:03,420 - [Mark] This is Mark Isselhardt, Maple Specialist 2 00:00:03,420 --> 00:00:05,570 with University of Vermont Extension 3 00:00:05,570 --> 00:00:07,620 and this is another Vermont Maple Minute. 4 00:00:08,930 --> 00:00:10,540 As late summer progresses, 5 00:00:10,540 --> 00:00:12,580 so-called late season defoliators 6 00:00:12,580 --> 00:00:15,850 are beginning to become visible in Vermont woods. 7 00:00:15,850 --> 00:00:18,110 Two such insects are Maple Leaf Cutter 8 00:00:18,110 --> 00:00:20,870 and Maple Trumpet Skeletonizer. 9 00:00:20,870 --> 00:00:22,100 The first reported damage 10 00:00:22,100 --> 00:00:25,100 from Maple Leaf Cutter was in 1911 11 00:00:25,100 --> 00:00:26,880 when this insect was responsible 12 00:00:26,880 --> 00:00:30,283 for defoliating 25 acres of Sugar Bush in New York. 13 00:00:31,210 --> 00:00:32,960 Maple Leaf Cutter larvae cut about 14 00:00:32,960 --> 00:00:36,820 a half-inch diameter round hole in Sugar Maple leaves. 15 00:00:36,820 --> 00:00:39,060 The feeding begins as leaf mining, 16 00:00:39,060 --> 00:00:40,940 then takes place under the protection 17 00:00:40,940 --> 00:00:43,500 of a disc of leaf material. 18 00:00:43,500 --> 00:00:47,030 As the larvae malts, it moves to a fresh section of leaf 19 00:00:47,030 --> 00:00:51,233 and uses a larger and larger disc for protection. 20 00:00:52,240 --> 00:00:53,990 Mortality of overstory trees 21 00:00:53,990 --> 00:00:56,630 is rarely associated with this insect, 22 00:00:56,630 --> 00:00:59,250 but occasionally, understory trees could die 23 00:00:59,250 --> 00:01:01,963 as a result of severe injury. 24 00:01:03,600 --> 00:01:06,310 Maple Trumpet Skeletonizer is found primarily 25 00:01:06,310 --> 00:01:08,770 on Sugar Maple and Red Maples. 26 00:01:08,770 --> 00:01:11,820 Their larvae stage feeds on the underside of leaves 27 00:01:11,820 --> 00:01:14,400 between two major veins. 28 00:01:14,400 --> 00:01:15,750 As the larvae grow, 29 00:01:15,750 --> 00:01:19,610 they form a long black tube of its own waste, or frass, 30 00:01:19,610 --> 00:01:22,023 inside a slightly rounded leaf. 31 00:01:23,320 --> 00:01:26,250 By the time the leaf damage has become widely visible, 32 00:01:26,250 --> 00:01:29,120 trees have produced a majority of their energy 33 00:01:29,120 --> 00:01:31,160 for the summer and upcoming winter, 34 00:01:31,160 --> 00:01:32,810 and while unsightly, 35 00:01:32,810 --> 00:01:35,520 these two native insects are not responsible 36 00:01:35,520 --> 00:01:39,413 for significant impact to the host tree's health and vigor. 37 00:01:40,530 --> 00:01:42,880 This is Mark Isselhardt, Maple Specialist 38 00:01:42,880 --> 00:01:44,960 with University of Vermont Extension 39 00:01:44,960 --> 00:01:47,310 and this has been another Vermont Maple Minute.