WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.120 --> 00:00:02.220 Hi, everyone, and welcome to our second lecture 2 00:00:02.220 --> 00:00:04.050 here in module five. 3 00:00:04.050 --> 00:00:07.020 Today, we are talking all about non-violent resistance, 4 00:00:07.020 --> 00:00:08.280 peaceful protesting, 5 00:00:08.280 --> 00:00:11.523 and examples of each from our international community. 6 00:00:13.050 --> 00:00:15.660 Before we get started, I just wanted to emphasize 7 00:00:15.660 --> 00:00:19.740 that this lecture is not similar to our previous lectures 8 00:00:19.740 --> 00:00:22.470 in the sense that material in this lecture 9 00:00:22.470 --> 00:00:25.320 is not reflective of our course text. 10 00:00:25.320 --> 00:00:26.460 Up until this point, 11 00:00:26.460 --> 00:00:30.750 I've decided to use our lecture space as a moment for me 12 00:00:30.750 --> 00:00:33.270 to highlight the most important parts of our text 13 00:00:33.270 --> 00:00:35.460 to build upon our learning 14 00:00:35.460 --> 00:00:37.830 and reaching our learning objectives. 15 00:00:37.830 --> 00:00:39.780 But I did feel that the material 16 00:00:39.780 --> 00:00:42.180 in this lecture was absolutely critical 17 00:00:42.180 --> 00:00:45.780 to any public health advocacy based course. 18 00:00:45.780 --> 00:00:49.680 In the title of this lecture, we go over two very big terms. 19 00:00:49.680 --> 00:00:51.630 The first is non-violent resistance, 20 00:00:51.630 --> 00:00:55.110 and the next is peaceful protesting. 21 00:00:55.110 --> 00:00:58.380 A great definition of non-violent resistance 22 00:00:58.380 --> 00:01:00.810 was said by Martin Luther King Jr. 23 00:01:00.810 --> 00:01:03.030 He said that non-violent resistance 24 00:01:03.030 --> 00:01:05.220 and true non-violent resistance 25 00:01:05.220 --> 00:01:08.640 is not unrealistic submission to evil power. 26 00:01:08.640 --> 00:01:11.280 It is rather a courageous confrontation of evil 27 00:01:11.280 --> 00:01:14.370 by the power of love, in the faith that is better 28 00:01:14.370 --> 00:01:17.280 to be in the recipient of violence than the inflicter of it, 29 00:01:17.280 --> 00:01:19.950 since the latter only multiplies the existence 30 00:01:19.950 --> 00:01:22.500 of violence and bitterness in the universe, 31 00:01:22.500 --> 00:01:24.060 while the former may develop a sense 32 00:01:24.060 --> 00:01:25.440 of shame in the opponent, 33 00:01:25.440 --> 00:01:27.570 and thereby bring about a transformation 34 00:01:27.570 --> 00:01:28.773 and change of heart. 35 00:01:29.910 --> 00:01:32.580 Next, peaceful protesting. 36 00:01:32.580 --> 00:01:35.550 This would be protesting that is expressing our voices 37 00:01:35.550 --> 00:01:37.830 and opinions in a way that is not violence 38 00:01:37.830 --> 00:01:39.960 and in accordance with laws, policies, 39 00:01:39.960 --> 00:01:42.840 constitutional rights, and ordinances. 40 00:01:42.840 --> 00:01:45.810 Non-peaceful protesting would be the exact opposite, right? 41 00:01:45.810 --> 00:01:49.740 So that would be acts of violence 42 00:01:49.740 --> 00:01:53.760 and protesting in a way that is not in accordance 43 00:01:53.760 --> 00:01:57.363 with laws, policies, constitutional rights, or ordinances. 44 00:02:00.810 --> 00:02:02.970 When we're talking about non-violent resistance 45 00:02:02.970 --> 00:02:04.080 and peaceful protesting, 46 00:02:04.080 --> 00:02:06.750 I'm sure that many individuals come to mind, 47 00:02:06.750 --> 00:02:10.113 and some of those individuals may be on this slide. 48 00:02:11.280 --> 00:02:14.040 I have here Martin Luther King Jr., 49 00:02:14.040 --> 00:02:16.143 Gandhi, and Greta Thunberg. 50 00:02:17.790 --> 00:02:20.820 I would argue that these three champions 51 00:02:20.820 --> 00:02:23.130 of non-violent resistance and protestors 52 00:02:23.130 --> 00:02:25.410 can be labeled as activists, 53 00:02:25.410 --> 00:02:29.760 but I would also categorize them under advocacy. 54 00:02:29.760 --> 00:02:32.430 And there's a distinction between activism 55 00:02:32.430 --> 00:02:34.500 and advocacy work. 56 00:02:34.500 --> 00:02:38.640 While they're very similar in terms of having a similar goal 57 00:02:38.640 --> 00:02:41.460 of an intended positive change or outcome 58 00:02:41.460 --> 00:02:43.290 and working towards health equity, 59 00:02:43.290 --> 00:02:45.090 there are some distinctions. 60 00:02:45.090 --> 00:02:47.070 We can view an activist as a person 61 00:02:47.070 --> 00:02:49.620 who is looking to make a change in their society, 62 00:02:49.620 --> 00:02:51.480 whether that be a political change, 63 00:02:51.480 --> 00:02:54.420 social change, or reform, 64 00:02:54.420 --> 00:02:57.363 and that's usually by garnering attention for the cause. 65 00:02:58.260 --> 00:03:01.230 How I like to view advocacy work is applied activism, 66 00:03:01.230 --> 00:03:03.960 where we are, yes, garnering attention 67 00:03:03.960 --> 00:03:06.900 in support to an issue or a public health problem, 68 00:03:06.900 --> 00:03:09.150 but we also are supporting that with intentions 69 00:03:09.150 --> 00:03:14.150 to make a change through use of a campaign or a plan 70 00:03:14.430 --> 00:03:17.553 for policy reform and overall change. 71 00:03:18.660 --> 00:03:20.850 Quickly, I'm just going to give a brief summary 72 00:03:20.850 --> 00:03:22.980 of these three individuals. 73 00:03:22.980 --> 00:03:25.020 For anyone who wants to learn more, 74 00:03:25.020 --> 00:03:27.870 I highly encourage you to do some research on your own. 75 00:03:27.870 --> 00:03:29.100 I just wanted to provide 76 00:03:29.100 --> 00:03:31.440 a little bit of foundation and basis, 77 00:03:31.440 --> 00:03:33.900 as we will be discussing Martin Luther King Jr., 78 00:03:33.900 --> 00:03:36.513 Gandhi, and Greta later in this lecture. 79 00:03:37.380 --> 00:03:41.220 First, I'm gonna quickly talk about Martin Luther King Jr. 80 00:03:41.220 --> 00:03:43.350 Born in 1929, I would consider 81 00:03:43.350 --> 00:03:45.870 Noble Peace Prize winner Martin Luther King Jr. 82 00:03:45.870 --> 00:03:47.820 to be one of the most powerful activists 83 00:03:47.820 --> 00:03:51.270 and advocates for civil rights for people of color 84 00:03:51.270 --> 00:03:54.603 and for dismantling racial inequality. 85 00:03:55.650 --> 00:04:00.000 Not only was Martin Luther King Jr. a activist for change 86 00:04:00.000 --> 00:04:03.390 but a true advocate for civil rights, 87 00:04:03.390 --> 00:04:06.750 and so much of his work, such as the March on Washington, 88 00:04:06.750 --> 00:04:07.980 has led to the inception 89 00:04:07.980 --> 00:04:10.230 of many different legislative changes 90 00:04:10.230 --> 00:04:12.690 that have changed and continue to change 91 00:04:12.690 --> 00:04:14.313 the lives of millions. 92 00:04:15.630 --> 00:04:18.270 I would be very remiss not to mention Gandhi 93 00:04:18.270 --> 00:04:23.270 in a notable champions of non-violent resistance lecture. 94 00:04:24.420 --> 00:04:26.070 Gandhi has been an inspiration 95 00:04:26.070 --> 00:04:28.260 for billions across the world 96 00:04:28.260 --> 00:04:32.640 for his acts of civil disobedience and peaceful protesting. 97 00:04:32.640 --> 00:04:35.280 When you think of non-violent resistance, 98 00:04:35.280 --> 00:04:38.640 I would venture to guess that Gandhi came to mind. 99 00:04:38.640 --> 00:04:40.560 Best known for his work in social 100 00:04:40.560 --> 00:04:42.870 and political reform in India, 101 00:04:42.870 --> 00:04:44.910 Gandhi serves as a great recognition 102 00:04:44.910 --> 00:04:48.480 of the power of non-violence resistance. 103 00:04:48.480 --> 00:04:52.530 Lastly, I'm going to go to our current generation 104 00:04:52.530 --> 00:04:54.930 and talk a little bit about Greta Thunberg, 105 00:04:54.930 --> 00:04:57.810 an international environmental activist. 106 00:04:57.810 --> 00:05:00.450 I first heard about Greta when I was in high school 107 00:05:00.450 --> 00:05:04.290 when there was a news article about a Swedish girl 108 00:05:04.290 --> 00:05:05.850 who was protesting going to school 109 00:05:05.850 --> 00:05:08.520 until Swedish Parliament made a change 110 00:05:08.520 --> 00:05:10.830 to address climate change. 111 00:05:10.830 --> 00:05:13.823 Since then, Greta has become an icon 112 00:05:13.823 --> 00:05:18.340 in environmental activism and continues to petition 113 00:05:19.290 --> 00:05:22.170 and boycott school until some areas 114 00:05:22.170 --> 00:05:25.140 of Swedish Parliament address climate change. 115 00:05:25.140 --> 00:05:28.680 She's worked with countless international agencies 116 00:05:28.680 --> 00:05:30.960 pleading for climate change attention 117 00:05:30.960 --> 00:05:33.450 and has also been at the front 118 00:05:33.450 --> 00:05:35.040 of many different peaceful protests 119 00:05:35.040 --> 00:05:38.613 to advocate for climate change control. 120 00:05:39.750 --> 00:05:43.260 I will highlight that I was very eager and very adamant 121 00:05:43.260 --> 00:05:45.960 on having Greta be a guest speaker for this course, 122 00:05:45.960 --> 00:05:48.450 but unfortunately, I was very like-minded 123 00:05:48.450 --> 00:05:51.510 to thousands of other persons who reached out, 124 00:05:51.510 --> 00:05:54.150 and I will say this is a personal goal of mine 125 00:05:54.150 --> 00:05:56.760 to eventually be able to talk to Greta Thunberg 126 00:05:56.760 --> 00:06:00.573 and share some of her thoughts and ideas with this class. 127 00:06:03.150 --> 00:06:04.230 Given the sake of time, 128 00:06:04.230 --> 00:06:07.230 I cannot go into detail for all of these examples, 129 00:06:07.230 --> 00:06:09.810 but I did wanna highlight a few famous examples 130 00:06:09.810 --> 00:06:12.360 of non-violent resistance and peaceful protesting 131 00:06:12.360 --> 00:06:13.830 leading to change. 132 00:06:13.830 --> 00:06:17.810 The first would be the Salt March led by Gandhi. 133 00:06:17.810 --> 00:06:21.690 In the 1930s, India was under British control, 134 00:06:21.690 --> 00:06:25.110 and this manifests in many different capacities, 135 00:06:25.110 --> 00:06:29.910 including salt consumption and salt trade. 136 00:06:29.910 --> 00:06:32.490 Back in the '30s in India, 137 00:06:32.490 --> 00:06:36.420 Indians were not allowed to purchase salt from each other. 138 00:06:36.420 --> 00:06:41.010 They had to go to Great Britain trading companies. 139 00:06:41.010 --> 00:06:44.400 Because of this, Gandhi decided that his march 140 00:06:44.400 --> 00:06:48.150 and his act of civil disobedience would be around salt. 141 00:06:48.150 --> 00:06:50.520 So for over 200 miles, 142 00:06:50.520 --> 00:06:54.180 Gandhi and dozens of followers traveled to the coast, 143 00:06:54.180 --> 00:06:57.210 where their intention was to act in civil disobedience, 144 00:06:57.210 --> 00:07:00.000 and themselves as Indian citizens 145 00:07:00.000 --> 00:07:03.060 would be producing the salt. 146 00:07:03.060 --> 00:07:06.780 However, police were involved, Gandhi was arrested, 147 00:07:06.780 --> 00:07:11.780 but their act of this protest and march for over 200 miles 148 00:07:13.200 --> 00:07:17.610 led to Gandhi becoming a huge figure in political change 149 00:07:17.610 --> 00:07:21.483 and eventually the independence of India from Britain. 150 00:07:23.220 --> 00:07:26.640 Next, I wanna talk about the Black Lives Matter movement. 151 00:07:26.640 --> 00:07:29.670 Black Lives Matter movement started back in 2013 152 00:07:29.670 --> 00:07:31.590 after the murder of Trayvon Martin 153 00:07:31.590 --> 00:07:33.780 and the acquittal of his murderer. 154 00:07:33.780 --> 00:07:37.800 Since then, they have gone international with protests 155 00:07:37.800 --> 00:07:42.510 for the dismantling of racial inequality and systemic racism 156 00:07:42.510 --> 00:07:45.660 and promoting a better life for black individuals 157 00:07:45.660 --> 00:07:48.750 throughout different communities in the United States 158 00:07:48.750 --> 00:07:51.060 and extending internationally. 159 00:07:51.060 --> 00:07:53.970 Black Lives Matter has become a true pillar 160 00:07:53.970 --> 00:07:57.740 of an example of effective advocacy and activism 161 00:07:57.740 --> 00:08:01.320 in the sense that their foundation works for policy change 162 00:08:01.320 --> 00:08:05.400 in addition to providing an outlet for peaceful protesting. 163 00:08:05.400 --> 00:08:08.040 This week, you'll notice I had sent out an email 164 00:08:08.040 --> 00:08:09.570 in regards to Black Lives Matter 165 00:08:09.570 --> 00:08:12.270 in a very powerful New York Times article 166 00:08:12.270 --> 00:08:15.990 that highlighted how the Black Lives Matter campaign 167 00:08:15.990 --> 00:08:18.660 has been absorbed by the US population 168 00:08:18.660 --> 00:08:22.350 and how that has led to thousands of protests 169 00:08:22.350 --> 00:08:24.600 and hundreds of thousands of individuals 170 00:08:24.600 --> 00:08:26.250 partaking in these protests, 171 00:08:26.250 --> 00:08:28.683 leading to different changes in communities. 172 00:08:30.660 --> 00:08:32.250 Another really famous example 173 00:08:32.250 --> 00:08:35.130 is the March on Washington in 1963 174 00:08:35.130 --> 00:08:37.380 led by Martin Luther King Jr. 175 00:08:37.380 --> 00:08:41.700 This is the gathering of over a hundred thousand persons 176 00:08:41.700 --> 00:08:44.250 working to dismantle racial inequality 177 00:08:44.250 --> 00:08:47.430 back in the civil rights movement in the '60s. 178 00:08:47.430 --> 00:08:49.290 This is where Martin Luther King Jr. 179 00:08:49.290 --> 00:08:52.050 delivered his famous I Have a Dream speech 180 00:08:52.050 --> 00:08:54.060 that we probably all learned about 181 00:08:54.060 --> 00:08:56.070 in primary and middle school. 182 00:08:56.070 --> 00:08:58.710 This was a really big turning point in the United States 183 00:08:58.710 --> 00:09:01.260 in terms of the civil rights movement 184 00:09:01.260 --> 00:09:04.080 and has led to legislative changes 185 00:09:04.080 --> 00:09:08.670 that have allowed for a continuation of racial equality 186 00:09:08.670 --> 00:09:10.950 and again changing the lives of millions 187 00:09:10.950 --> 00:09:13.890 and setting the foundation for thousands 188 00:09:13.890 --> 00:09:17.730 of other activism and advocacy work 189 00:09:17.730 --> 00:09:20.970 to continue to dismantle racial inequality 190 00:09:20.970 --> 00:09:23.520 and systemic racism here in the United States. 191 00:09:23.520 --> 00:09:25.110 Another really great example 192 00:09:25.110 --> 00:09:27.900 of non-violent resistance and peaceful protesting 193 00:09:27.900 --> 00:09:30.990 for human rights and political freedom 194 00:09:30.990 --> 00:09:35.990 is the Tiananmen Square protest back in China. 195 00:09:36.000 --> 00:09:38.160 I would highly encourage individuals 196 00:09:38.160 --> 00:09:39.270 to learn more about this, 197 00:09:39.270 --> 00:09:41.190 as this was a really big turning point 198 00:09:41.190 --> 00:09:45.450 in international resistance and peaceful protesting. 199 00:09:45.450 --> 00:09:49.320 Although, the end of this protest was very sad. 200 00:09:49.320 --> 00:09:51.390 Another really interesting example 201 00:09:51.390 --> 00:09:54.390 of non-violent resistance and peaceful protesting 202 00:09:54.390 --> 00:09:56.430 that I would encourage everyone 203 00:09:56.430 --> 00:09:58.230 to do a little bit more research on 204 00:09:58.230 --> 00:10:00.810 would be the occupation of Alcatraz. 205 00:10:00.810 --> 00:10:05.810 This was where close to a hundred indigenous tribal members 206 00:10:07.050 --> 00:10:09.840 occupied the island of Alcatraz 207 00:10:09.840 --> 00:10:14.790 to protest the use of US government on indigenous lands. 208 00:10:14.790 --> 00:10:17.220 While this was not a 100% effective, 209 00:10:17.220 --> 00:10:19.320 this was the inception point 210 00:10:19.320 --> 00:10:22.080 to hundreds of different campaigns 211 00:10:22.080 --> 00:10:26.190 and activist movements and advocacy work 212 00:10:26.190 --> 00:10:30.750 to protect indigenous lands from US government use. 213 00:10:30.750 --> 00:10:35.750 This is a really relevant and important act of advocacy 214 00:10:36.300 --> 00:10:37.770 and non-violent resistance. 215 00:10:37.770 --> 00:10:40.470 And again, I highly encourage curious minds 216 00:10:40.470 --> 00:10:43.290 to learn a little bit more about this piece of history 217 00:10:43.290 --> 00:10:45.003 that is not always talked about. 218 00:10:45.930 --> 00:10:48.450 Lastly, I wanted to take a moment to talk 219 00:10:48.450 --> 00:10:51.690 about a current act of non-violent resistance 220 00:10:51.690 --> 00:10:52.830 and peaceful protesting, 221 00:10:52.830 --> 00:10:57.150 and that is the 2017 to current women rights marches 222 00:10:57.150 --> 00:11:00.540 and protests that are going on throughout the United States. 223 00:11:00.540 --> 00:11:03.060 After the overturn of Roe v. Wade, 224 00:11:03.060 --> 00:11:04.830 we have seen an uptick 225 00:11:04.830 --> 00:11:08.790 in reproductive autonomy rights protests 226 00:11:08.790 --> 00:11:12.000 going throughout the entire United States. 227 00:11:12.000 --> 00:11:14.310 This is something that is a really big issue 228 00:11:14.310 --> 00:11:17.850 in public health and public health policy right now 229 00:11:17.850 --> 00:11:21.690 and something that I anticipate many of you will touch upon 230 00:11:21.690 --> 00:11:25.023 in your campaign for advocacy change. 231 00:11:27.030 --> 00:11:30.300 And this concludes this lecture in module five. 232 00:11:30.300 --> 00:11:31.830 I just wanted to take a moment 233 00:11:31.830 --> 00:11:34.320 to provide some real-life application 234 00:11:34.320 --> 00:11:36.540 to the principles in this lecture 235 00:11:36.540 --> 00:11:39.540 in terms of non-violent resistance and peaceful protesting 236 00:11:39.540 --> 00:11:42.810 and how that pertains to this course. 237 00:11:42.810 --> 00:11:44.220 These demonstrations 238 00:11:44.220 --> 00:11:48.090 and the demonstrations from slides 5 to 10 239 00:11:48.090 --> 00:11:51.930 all were the foundation for many different policy changes, 240 00:11:51.930 --> 00:11:56.730 policy reform, and current changes to our legislator. 241 00:11:56.730 --> 00:11:59.610 If you have any questions, please feel free to reach out. 242 00:11:59.610 --> 00:12:00.720 As I mentioned earlier, 243 00:12:00.720 --> 00:12:03.600 I just provided a brief overview of these examples, 244 00:12:03.600 --> 00:12:05.880 and I very much encourage all of you 245 00:12:05.880 --> 00:12:07.770 to take some time independently 246 00:12:07.770 --> 00:12:12.090 to learn more about each of these acts of activism, 247 00:12:12.090 --> 00:12:16.080 to learn more and really broaden your horizons 248 00:12:16.080 --> 00:12:17.850 in terms of issues in public health 249 00:12:17.850 --> 00:12:19.200 that may not be in your scope 250 00:12:19.200 --> 00:12:21.210 but are still very important and relevant 251 00:12:21.210 --> 00:12:23.973 to achieving health equity for our communities.