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[Instructor] All right, this is

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the last lecture in the last module,

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the first and last lecture
in the last module.

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So first, let's think about wellness.

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Now, this topic is
particularly interesting to me,

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because it's actually looking at things

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from quite a different perspective.

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Instead of the
disease-oriented perspective,

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looking at different
interventions that people can take

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for their own wellness and
the impact that might have

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from a genetic perspective.

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So there's several studies

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on the genetic and genomic
effects of meditation.

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So here, mental wellness
and providing focus.

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There are many studies on the
health benefits of meditation

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and the reduction in stress
that comes along with that.

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But in addition, researchers
have also looked at

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the genetic impact from a
couple of different angles,

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and have found,

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there actually are several studies,

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several fairly large studies,

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that have looked at the
effects of meditation

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on different aspects of genetics.

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In particular, one study that came out,

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actually I think it came out,

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yeah, it came out this year,

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really recent study that came out

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looking at breast cancer survivors

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and assessing their cells for changes

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in a measure of chromosome stability,

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which is telomere length.

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And if you remember from way, way back

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towards the beginning of the semester

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when we were talking about
the anatomy of a chromosome,

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the very end caps, the very ends,

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the tips of the chromosomes
are the telomeres.

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These are specific
structures that are designed

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to like cap the ends of the chromosome

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and to keep them nice and compacted.

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It's sort of like the analogy

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of the little piece of plastic cap

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on the end of shoe laces

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that keeps the shoe laces from unraveling.

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That's sort of like what a telomere does.

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It basically caps off
the end of the chromosome

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to kinda keep it all
condensed and nicely-formed.

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Through time and with age,

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the telomeres for all
of us start to shorten.

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Each time the cell divides,

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the telomere gets a little bit shorter.

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Well, what they found was that

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there was improved telomere stability

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in the patients that went
to the part of the trial

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where they were undergoing meditation,

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compared with those who
just sort of sat quietly

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or did a quiet activity,

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but not actually engage in meditation

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for the same amount of time.

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When they compared them,

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those who meditated had
improved telomere stability,

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which leads to improved
chromosome stability,

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which as we know is important
to reducing cancer risk

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and reducing overall damage to the cell.

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So that's an interesting study.

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Another study looked at epigenetic changes

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in peripheral blood mononucleocyte cells,

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and so they took blood
sample from folks who had,

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I think similarly either just
been sort of sitting quietly

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or engaging in activities
of their choice quietly,

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compared to folks who were meditating

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for a certain amount of time.

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And what they found was that they noticed

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a difference in epigenetic modifications,

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specifically in pro-inflammatory genes.

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So those genes that code for
proteins that would induce

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or enhance inflammation
throughout the body.

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And so basically what
the epigenetic changes

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were associated with reducing
expression of those genes.

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So it would be like cooling
down inflammatory response,

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that as we know from actually

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many different disease states

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are associated with inflammation

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or worsened by inflammation.

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So reducing the inflammation
response in the body

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is actually very likely
to be quite beneficial

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for a number of different conditions.

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So that's an interesting
tidbit that came out.

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Another was actually
looking at DNA methylation

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and gene expression in fat cells

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in individuals who either
led a sedentary life

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and were randomized to either
continue a sedentary life,

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and compared those individuals to folks

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who lead sedentary lives

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and then started an exercise program.

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And they compared the fat cells

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of those two different groups.

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And what they found was that in folks

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who started an exercise regimen,

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a regular aerobic exercise regimen,

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that they identified over
7,000 genes in the fat cells

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whose DNA methylation and
gene expression was affected.

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And many of those genes are
known to play a role in obesity

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and Type 2 diabetes risk,

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there's been some association there.

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So what is this actually telling us?

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Well, we already know
exercise is good for you.

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Exercise reduces Type 2
diabetes and reduces obesity.

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But now maybe we're starting to understand

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why that's the case, and
we can start to see that

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this really direct
correlation between lifestyle,

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exercise, even meditation,
as we talked about before,

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and the end gene expression,

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what's going on inside your cells

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from a genetic perspective.

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So I find this to be
really quite fascinating

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and an interesting twist on the old belief

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that, you know, your
genetics are your genetics

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and you get what you get at
birth, or at conception, rather,

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and, you know, that's
the hand you're dealt.

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Well, what we're actually seeing is that

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there's a lot more adaptability,

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a lot more flexibility in that.

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And we're starting to better
understand why the lifestyle

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and behavior choices that
we know to be beneficial,

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why that's actually the
case from a molecular level.

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So that's some tidbits from
the wellness side of things.

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I have a few articles and,

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you know, popular press articles

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and some research articles
posted if you're interested.

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All of this is of course optional

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in the reading section this week.

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It's more of a resource folder.

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So, if it's something you want to

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dive into a little bit
more, it's there for you.

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Feel free to use that.

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Okay, well those were
the topics that I had

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to give you just a little bit about.

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Now, I'm gonna walk you
through some helpful resources,

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at least helpful for me
that I've used in the past

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and used currently that you might like

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or might like to use on occasion.

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And this would be in addition to,

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these are the additional resources

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other than ones I've shown you

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and that we've used throughout the course,

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like Genetics Home Reference
and, you know, the EGAP,

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and all the other ones
that we've talked about.

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So here's just a couple more.

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One is Online Mendelian
Inheritance in Man.

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Since that is a mouthful
we call it OMIM, for short.

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And this is like a clinical
geneticist go-to resource

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to search human genes and phenotypes.

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And they give a lot of technical details.

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I'm gonna see if I can go
to the site and show you.

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Okay, so this is OMIM, and
it's indexed on the NCBI site.

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So this is the same
place where you would go

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for PubMed if you were looking for

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a primary research article, for example.

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But you can just use the
link that I provided you

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or you can do a Google search for OMIM.

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I think it comes up as the
first or second hit from that.

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So here you can type in a disease

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or a gene that you might be interested in.

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Let's say that you're interested in

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looking at cystic fibrosis.

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Let's search for that.

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Okay, so this gets
really pretty technical,

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and I think it's a great resource to use,

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fantastic resource to use,

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but it is not terribly user friendly.

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And you know, you'll get a
lot of results for things,

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and it's gonna take some time
to kinda search through them

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and figure out what it
is you're looking for.

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So the more specific you
can be in your search,

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the better you'll end up doing with it.

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But let's look, let's see if
we can even find something.

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Okay, here's, so way down
here is the actual disease.

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So, this is why it's a
little bit more complicated

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to use than, say, Genetics Home Reference,

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but let's just click on it.

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And so you can see this is the disease.

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So cystic fibrosis.

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And it's going, you can
see on the right-hand side

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there's a Table of Contents.

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So if you're looking for
something in particular,

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let's say you want to know
the pattern of inheritance

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and the mode of inheritance,

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you can just click on Inheritance,

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and it'll bring it up for you.

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There's a lot that's, I
mean, cystic fibrosis,

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there's a lot known about it,

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so there's gonna be a lot here.

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But for each disease,

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it's going to have a lot of information.

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GeneReviews.

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Okay, here, this looks a little strange,

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because it looks like it's a book.

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It is, I guess, technically a book,

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but it's curated and updated online,

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and it's fully available, free to use.

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It's updated regularly
by clinical geneticists.

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It's a great resource.

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So, let's try the same thing here.

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So let's try cystic fibrosis again.

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Okay, if you click on the,

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it'll give you a bunch of options here.

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Some are more specific articles.

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But if we just want, say,

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like the review of cystic fibrosis

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and all the information
that they have on it,

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we would click on the
GeneReviews tab for that,

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that came up.

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And here now we are within GeneReviews,

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and we could select what
we're interested in.

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This is actually Cystic
Fibrosis-Related Disorders,

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and this is gonna give
you some definitions,

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diagnosis, and testing.

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This is very clinically oriented,

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so it's GeneReviews primarily oriented

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for health professionals
to use to understand

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and to kind of have one place to go for

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everything you see here
on the right-hand side,

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Diagnosis, Clinical Characteristics,

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Differential Diagnosis, Management,

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Genetic Counseling.

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Some of it gets really,
really detailed, again,

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but I find that GeneReviews

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is actually more readable
than OMIM. (laughing)

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So, if you are looking to dive in deeper,

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maybe start with GeneReviews,
and then go to...

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Okay, the sequence of events
that I normally take is

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actually Genetics Home
Reference number one,

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so I have a sense of what
it is I'm looking at.

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Then I go to GeneReviews,
then I go to OMIM,

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because it gets increasingly
more dense with each of those,

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and more informative.

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But if your answer can be found
in Genetics Home Reference,

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then I'd say start there,

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so you can save yourself
the time of reading through

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what can be a lot of information
from these other resources.

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Okay, so that's GeneReviews.

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Another one, this is actually

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a weekly updated site from the CDC.

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So it's kind of like news and updates

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from the clinical side of things

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on genomics and genetics and...

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All right, and then
another one is PharmGKB,

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which is The Pharmacogenomics
Knowledge Database,

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which is what PharmGKB stands for.

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This one's an interesting one.

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If you do a search, let's say you want to,

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you know, you can do a search
number of different ways.

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You can go to the search tab at the top

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and actually tell that you wanna search

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by Genes, Drugs, Diseases, or Pathways.

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Or you can type into the
search bar at the top.

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Let's say we are curious about warfarin.

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All right, let's select warfarin.

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Let's see what information
they have on that.

260
00:12:10,380 --> 00:12:15,380
Probably a lot, because there's
a lot known about warfarin.

261
00:12:15,450 --> 00:12:20,450
So this will give you
some dosing guidelines,

262
00:12:21,570 --> 00:12:24,270
and you can click into that and read more.

263
00:12:24,270 --> 00:12:25,620
They update it regularly.

264
00:12:25,620 --> 00:12:28,680
So as new information comes
out, as new guidelines come out,

265
00:12:28,680 --> 00:12:30,603
it will be updated as such.

266
00:12:31,650 --> 00:12:36,210
Okay, and in addition to
that, you can see Drug Label,

267
00:12:36,210 --> 00:12:38,960
which can be really helpful to...

268
00:12:39,870 --> 00:12:44,870
This is the FDA label,
and you can click on that,

269
00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:47,600
and it will bring up...

270
00:12:49,380 --> 00:12:50,490
Oh, here it is.

271
00:12:50,490 --> 00:12:52,230
It'll show you the actual label

272
00:12:52,230 --> 00:12:54,933
and the specifics around that.

273
00:12:57,030 --> 00:12:58,440
That's Clinical.

274
00:12:58,440 --> 00:13:02,250
You can also look in their Research tabs.

275
00:13:02,250 --> 00:13:04,680
So across the top here,
you can look through

276
00:13:04,680 --> 00:13:05,610
all the different tabs.

277
00:13:05,610 --> 00:13:07,110
Clinical's probably
gonna be most relevant,

278
00:13:07,110 --> 00:13:10,860
but then there's also
research that is out there

279
00:13:10,860 --> 00:13:13,410
and that they've annotated here.

280
00:13:13,410 --> 00:13:15,540
Overviews that you can search through.

281
00:13:15,540 --> 00:13:17,310
Properties, mechanism of action,

282
00:13:17,310 --> 00:13:21,060
Pathways, which can be, you
know, can be interesting,

283
00:13:21,060 --> 00:13:23,670
but it gets really into the details

284
00:13:23,670 --> 00:13:26,010
of how these drugs are working.

285
00:13:26,010 --> 00:13:31,010
So, all right, so those are
the resources that I use,

286
00:13:31,470 --> 00:13:34,560
in addition to the ones
we've already talked about.

287
00:13:34,560 --> 00:13:36,600
It seems like many of
you have found others,

288
00:13:36,600 --> 00:13:39,379
and hopefully, you know, you
kinda compile those together,

289
00:13:39,379 --> 00:13:42,180
and you'll have that ready
to go for the second part

290
00:13:42,180 --> 00:13:47,180
of the final paper, just
the briefly annotated list

291
00:13:47,580 --> 00:13:49,110
of helpful resources.

292
00:13:49,110 --> 00:13:50,820
Okay, genetics specialist in Vermont.

293
00:13:50,820 --> 00:13:53,250
I have pictures on the
right-hand side for each of them.

294
00:13:53,250 --> 00:13:55,590
The first I'd like to
mention is Leah Burke,

295
00:13:55,590 --> 00:13:58,500
and she is in Pediatrics,

296
00:13:58,500 --> 00:14:01,440
and also leads the Vermont
Regional Genetics Center,

297
00:14:01,440 --> 00:14:04,560
which is located pretty
much across the street

298
00:14:04,560 --> 00:14:08,100
from the emergency department.

299
00:14:08,100 --> 00:14:10,470
Well, sort of where the Harvest Cafe is,

300
00:14:10,470 --> 00:14:15,470
if you're familiar with the
UVM MC Burlington Campus.

301
00:14:18,270 --> 00:14:20,793
It's across the street
in a little white house,

302
00:14:21,660 --> 00:14:25,410
across the street from the
entrance to the hospital

303
00:14:25,410 --> 00:14:27,810
off of Colchester Avenue.

304
00:14:27,810 --> 00:14:31,110
And Leah Burke is a wonderful person.

305
00:14:31,110 --> 00:14:35,010
She's a colleague, and someone
that I work with quite a bit.

306
00:14:35,010 --> 00:14:40,010
And she leads the team of
genetic counselors as well.

307
00:14:40,830 --> 00:14:44,760
And you can find information
on how to contact her

308
00:14:44,760 --> 00:14:47,520
as well as I have these links for

309
00:14:47,520 --> 00:14:50,340
all the clinicians I have listed here,

310
00:14:50,340 --> 00:14:51,660
but I'll just click on her

311
00:14:51,660 --> 00:14:53,430
so you can see what it looks like.

312
00:14:53,430 --> 00:14:57,150
This will give you a
phone number, fax number,

313
00:14:57,150 --> 00:15:01,743
insurance, address, all that
good stuff, to reach Dr. Burke,

314
00:15:03,992 --> 00:15:06,750
and, you know, especially if it's,

315
00:15:06,750 --> 00:15:09,060
you know, useful for a
patient, to maybe see.

316
00:15:09,060 --> 00:15:11,010
Her specialty, again, is Pediatrics.

317
00:15:11,010 --> 00:15:15,423
And so if you, if you have a patient,

318
00:15:16,830 --> 00:15:18,720
you know, where it would be
most appropriate for them

319
00:15:18,720 --> 00:15:21,390
to see someone in clinical pediatrics,

320
00:15:21,390 --> 00:15:26,283
or you know, neonatal, that
would be more her realm.

321
00:15:27,780 --> 00:15:31,200
Stephen Brown is an OB/GYN.

322
00:15:31,200 --> 00:15:33,270
And so that would be, again,

323
00:15:33,270 --> 00:15:34,740
if you have someone who

324
00:15:34,740 --> 00:15:37,580
this would be more in
the prenatal setting,

325
00:15:37,580 --> 00:15:40,353
or if they're interested
in in vitro fertilization,

326
00:15:41,910 --> 00:15:44,400
he would be the clinician to talk to.

327
00:15:44,400 --> 00:15:47,160
There, again, you can
click on the links given,

328
00:15:47,160 --> 00:15:49,560
and that'll give you
information to contact them.

329
00:15:49,560 --> 00:15:51,180
Turning to the cancer side of things,

330
00:15:51,180 --> 00:15:55,050
there's the Vermont
Familial Cancer Program,

331
00:15:55,050 --> 00:15:57,300
and the Director is Marie Wood.

332
00:15:57,300 --> 00:16:01,770
And so this would be, you're detecting a,

333
00:16:01,770 --> 00:16:04,440
there's, say a family history
of cancer for someone.

334
00:16:04,440 --> 00:16:05,700
There's red flags coming up,

335
00:16:05,700 --> 00:16:06,840
someone that you're working with,

336
00:16:06,840 --> 00:16:08,850
and you know, you're not really
sure where to refer them,

337
00:16:08,850 --> 00:16:09,960
'cause they don't necessarily,

338
00:16:09,960 --> 00:16:11,250
they're not symptomatic of cancer

339
00:16:11,250 --> 00:16:12,960
or have any signs themselves,

340
00:16:12,960 --> 00:16:14,820
but it may be helpful for them

341
00:16:14,820 --> 00:16:16,530
to talk with the genetic counselor,

342
00:16:16,530 --> 00:16:18,870
to talk with the clinical oncologist

343
00:16:18,870 --> 00:16:20,550
who specializes in genetics,

344
00:16:20,550 --> 00:16:22,290
I'd encourage you to direct them

345
00:16:22,290 --> 00:16:24,390
to the Familial Cancer Program.

346
00:16:24,390 --> 00:16:28,740
And then they may have an
appointment with Marie Wood

347
00:16:28,740 --> 00:16:31,890
or Marc Greenblatt also works there,

348
00:16:31,890 --> 00:16:34,710
or the genetic counselor that
I'll show on the next page

349
00:16:34,710 --> 00:16:38,610
who specifically works in cancer.

350
00:16:38,610 --> 00:16:42,750
So these are the
specialists here in Vermont.

351
00:16:42,750 --> 00:16:46,740
And then if we look at
genetic counselors in Vermont,

352
00:16:46,740 --> 00:16:48,600
we'd have Wendy McKinnon,

353
00:16:48,600 --> 00:16:51,270
who specializes in cancer genetics,

354
00:16:51,270 --> 00:16:53,310
and she's the Genetic Counselor

355
00:16:53,310 --> 00:16:55,050
for the Familial Cancer Program.

356
00:16:55,050 --> 00:16:57,570
So if you do have a
patient, as I described,

357
00:16:57,570 --> 00:17:00,180
family history, red flags, concerns,

358
00:17:00,180 --> 00:17:01,013
if they make an appointment

359
00:17:01,013 --> 00:17:02,070
through the Familial Cancer Center,

360
00:17:02,070 --> 00:17:04,830
most likely they'll have
an appointment with Wendy,

361
00:17:04,830 --> 00:17:09,060
and she works directly with
Marc Greenblatt and Marie Wood

362
00:17:09,060 --> 00:17:10,650
and others in that program,

363
00:17:10,650 --> 00:17:12,930
to know kinda what the next steps are.

364
00:17:12,930 --> 00:17:15,510
But she is the one who the patient

365
00:17:15,510 --> 00:17:16,800
would likely sit down with

366
00:17:16,800 --> 00:17:18,660
and have an appointment to discuss

367
00:17:18,660 --> 00:17:21,570
and take a full family history, you know,

368
00:17:21,570 --> 00:17:23,400
pedigree of everything you can imagine,

369
00:17:23,400 --> 00:17:24,870
as much information as you can get.

370
00:17:24,870 --> 00:17:26,520
And she would help with

371
00:17:26,520 --> 00:17:29,163
the patient education
aspect of it as well.

372
00:17:30,240 --> 00:17:33,540
Other genetic counselors that,

373
00:17:33,540 --> 00:17:38,130
again, they all work with Dr. Leah Burke

374
00:17:38,130 --> 00:17:40,800
in the Vermont Regional Genetics Center.

375
00:17:40,800 --> 00:17:43,380
So, you know, kind of
calling that one number

376
00:17:43,380 --> 00:17:45,870
that's listed for the Vermont
Regional Genetics Center,

377
00:17:45,870 --> 00:17:47,670
which is the same number for Leah Burke

378
00:17:47,670 --> 00:17:50,490
or for really, I think, any
of these genetic counselors

379
00:17:50,490 --> 00:17:52,590
would get you to the same place.

380
00:17:52,590 --> 00:17:57,030
So Christine Giummo specializes
in pediatric genetics,

381
00:17:57,030 --> 00:17:59,670
so she works a lot with Leah Burke.

382
00:17:59,670 --> 00:18:02,940
Leanna Haskin-Leahy is kind of

383
00:18:02,940 --> 00:18:06,330
across a lot of different
areas, prenatal, pediatric,

384
00:18:06,330 --> 00:18:08,250
adult genetic counseling.

385
00:18:08,250 --> 00:18:10,470
As well as Denise Bonyun.

386
00:18:10,470 --> 00:18:13,650
So, yeah, you don't need
to contact them separately.

387
00:18:13,650 --> 00:18:15,030
I think if you call the one

388
00:18:15,030 --> 00:18:16,560
Vermont Regional Genetics Center,

389
00:18:16,560 --> 00:18:20,730
they can help direct
you to the right person

390
00:18:20,730 --> 00:18:22,953
to work with or to refer to.

391
00:18:23,970 --> 00:18:28,410
All right, so that's
my list that I know of.

392
00:18:28,410 --> 00:18:30,300
And, you know, certainly
there may be others,

393
00:18:30,300 --> 00:18:35,300
but these are the folks that
are in the UVM MC system

394
00:18:35,340 --> 00:18:39,450
that are trained in genetics

395
00:18:39,450 --> 00:18:41,463
and genetics health specialists.

396
00:18:43,350 --> 00:18:46,530
Okay, well that sort of
takes us to the end here,

397
00:18:46,530 --> 00:18:50,100
and let's just take a little
trip down memory lane,

398
00:18:50,100 --> 00:18:53,310
because, I think it's helpful to do that,

399
00:18:53,310 --> 00:18:55,440
just to see how far we've come

400
00:18:55,440 --> 00:18:58,050
throughout this relatively
short time in this semester.

401
00:18:58,050 --> 00:19:00,330
You think back to January,

402
00:19:00,330 --> 00:19:02,280
from January to where you are now,

403
00:19:02,280 --> 00:19:03,720
remember back way back then,

404
00:19:03,720 --> 00:19:06,420
we started with the
fundamentals of genetics,

405
00:19:06,420 --> 00:19:07,937
the very basics of here's a cell,

406
00:19:07,937 --> 00:19:09,960
inside a cell's a nucleus,
inside the nucleus,

407
00:19:09,960 --> 00:19:13,380
dah dah dah dah dah, and you
all know that so well now.

408
00:19:13,380 --> 00:19:16,860
And then we moved to aneuploidy,
chromosomal abnormalities,

409
00:19:16,860 --> 00:19:18,240
and you know, sort of looking

410
00:19:18,240 --> 00:19:21,540
at those large scale
issues that might happen.

411
00:19:21,540 --> 00:19:25,260
And we also talked
about mutations as well,

412
00:19:25,260 --> 00:19:27,930
more specific, narrower mutations.

413
00:19:27,930 --> 00:19:31,080
And we talked about patterns
of inheritance, too,

414
00:19:31,080 --> 00:19:34,387
dominant, recessive,
you remember them all.

415
00:19:35,680 --> 00:19:38,250
And then we talked about gene expression,

416
00:19:38,250 --> 00:19:39,930
regulation, epigenetics.

417
00:19:39,930 --> 00:19:43,140
And you're starting to
hear that come up a lot,

418
00:19:43,140 --> 00:19:44,460
and that came up quite a bit

419
00:19:44,460 --> 00:19:45,630
towards the end of this semester,

420
00:19:45,630 --> 00:19:47,010
and even in this lecture,

421
00:19:47,010 --> 00:19:49,620
about the role of epigenetics

422
00:19:49,620 --> 00:19:54,333
in some of these more complex
multifactorial diseases.

423
00:19:55,410 --> 00:19:58,167
Taking family health history
and doing risk assessment,

424
00:19:58,167 --> 00:20:02,640
and some tips and strategies there.

425
00:20:02,640 --> 00:20:04,950
The ethical, legal,
and social implications

426
00:20:04,950 --> 00:20:09,950
that are vast and many,
as we start to appreciate

427
00:20:10,140 --> 00:20:12,930
where those might exist for
patients and their families

428
00:20:12,930 --> 00:20:14,940
and healthcare providers.

429
00:20:14,940 --> 00:20:17,010
Genetic testing across the lifespan,

430
00:20:17,010 --> 00:20:18,240
when, where we might do it,

431
00:20:18,240 --> 00:20:21,510
and for what purpose we
might use those tests.

432
00:20:21,510 --> 00:20:24,600
And then we got into some more, you know,

433
00:20:24,600 --> 00:20:27,510
more complicated topics that

434
00:20:27,510 --> 00:20:29,100
I think are really quite fascinating,

435
00:20:29,100 --> 00:20:31,800
including immunogenetics, cancer genetics,

436
00:20:31,800 --> 00:20:35,550
psychiatric disorders, and
public health genetics.

437
00:20:35,550 --> 00:20:38,100
And that's brought us to where we are now,

438
00:20:38,100 --> 00:20:42,480
where I can deliver to you a lecture that,

439
00:20:42,480 --> 00:20:44,880
you know, which is talking about

440
00:20:44,880 --> 00:20:46,380
genome-wide association studies,

441
00:20:46,380 --> 00:20:47,520
talking about linkage studies,

442
00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:49,710
talking about DNA methylation,

443
00:20:49,710 --> 00:20:51,790
talking about these concepts

444
00:20:53,676 --> 00:20:56,160
that you have become familiar with

445
00:20:56,160 --> 00:20:57,630
over the course of this semester,

446
00:20:57,630 --> 00:21:00,660
and I'm hoping will
serve you as a foundation

447
00:21:00,660 --> 00:21:04,800
for continued education and
expansion of your knowledge

448
00:21:04,800 --> 00:21:08,463
and application of genetics
and genomics in your field.

449
00:21:09,840 --> 00:21:13,289
So with that, I want to
say thank you so much

450
00:21:13,289 --> 00:21:16,140
for your engagement, for your hard work,

451
00:21:16,140 --> 00:21:17,940
for your dedication, for your time,

452
00:21:17,940 --> 00:21:19,980
your precious, precious time.

453
00:21:19,980 --> 00:21:21,270
This was not an easy course,

454
00:21:21,270 --> 00:21:23,160
and you made it successful,

455
00:21:23,160 --> 00:21:26,820
and I am just incredibly impressed

456
00:21:26,820 --> 00:21:30,480
by how each of you has
grown and progressed

457
00:21:30,480 --> 00:21:32,340
over the course of the semester

458
00:21:32,340 --> 00:21:35,430
and the dedication you've
shown to the course.

459
00:21:35,430 --> 00:21:37,350
So thank you so much for that.

460
00:21:37,350 --> 00:21:40,080
Thank you, thank you many times over,

461
00:21:40,080 --> 00:21:45,080
and I certainly intend to be available,

462
00:21:45,450 --> 00:21:48,780
be around for you for the rest
of this semester, certainly.

463
00:21:48,780 --> 00:21:50,370
But then anytime beyond that,

464
00:21:50,370 --> 00:21:52,440
anytime you ever wanna
talk about something,

465
00:21:52,440 --> 00:21:54,930
you just wanna send me
something interesting you find,

466
00:21:54,930 --> 00:21:57,360
or you have a question
on something, please,

467
00:21:57,360 --> 00:22:00,000
please don't hesitate to stop by,

468
00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:03,060
send an email, phone call, whatever.

469
00:22:03,060 --> 00:22:08,060
I would be more than thrilled
to continue our relationship

470
00:22:08,850 --> 00:22:11,580
beyond the duration of this semester.

471
00:22:11,580 --> 00:22:14,400
But in the context of this semester,

472
00:22:14,400 --> 00:22:17,700
thank you very much, and
I very much appreciate it.

473
00:22:17,700 --> 00:22:19,350
It's been an absolute pleasure

474
00:22:19,350 --> 00:22:20,790
to have each of you in the course,

475
00:22:20,790 --> 00:22:24,240
and I look forward to continuing

476
00:22:24,240 --> 00:22:27,060
to work with you each in the future.

477
00:22:27,060 --> 00:22:28,260
Thanks so much, bye-Bye.