WEBVTT 1 00:00:02.970 --> 00:00:04.680 Hello, students. 2 00:00:04.680 --> 00:00:06.990 We are now going to start chapter five 3 00:00:06.990 --> 00:00:09.180 and we are gonna start with problem two. 4 00:00:09.180 --> 00:00:11.850 So first, again, I'm going to read the problem. 5 00:00:11.850 --> 00:00:14.850 Problem two states, hyperlipidemia in children 6 00:00:14.850 --> 00:00:17.010 has been hypothesized to be related 7 00:00:17.010 --> 00:00:19.800 to high cholesterol in their parents. 8 00:00:19.800 --> 00:00:22.803 The following data were collected on parents and children. 9 00:00:23.670 --> 00:00:27.360 So here, we have basically the information 10 00:00:27.360 --> 00:00:32.360 about both the parents or one parent in the columns 11 00:00:32.460 --> 00:00:35.703 and the children information as the rows. 12 00:00:37.320 --> 00:00:39.510 So whenever I see a table like this, 13 00:00:39.510 --> 00:00:44.040 the first thing I do is add the rows and the columns, 14 00:00:44.040 --> 00:00:45.930 and that really, really is very helpful, 15 00:00:45.930 --> 00:00:48.900 and that's what I have basically done here. 16 00:00:48.900 --> 00:00:53.220 So what is the first problem asking us, which is A? 17 00:00:53.220 --> 00:00:56.130 It is asking us what is the probability 18 00:00:56.130 --> 00:00:59.523 that one or both parents are hyperlipidemic? 19 00:01:01.740 --> 00:01:02.573 So... 20 00:01:05.880 --> 00:01:08.970 We have to look at here the numerator. 21 00:01:08.970 --> 00:01:11.560 So the numerator here is asking us 22 00:01:17.250 --> 00:01:22.250 about one or both of the parents' hyperlipidemia status, 23 00:01:24.000 --> 00:01:27.930 so we are going to add them, so both or one parent, 24 00:01:31.800 --> 00:01:35.343 and we are adding their hyperlipidemia status. 25 00:01:36.300 --> 00:01:38.740 And that will be equal to 26 00:01:43.140 --> 00:01:45.423 58 plus 76. 27 00:01:52.920 --> 00:01:53.973 Which is 134. 28 00:01:56.040 --> 00:01:58.710 So again, where did I get those two numbers from, 29 00:01:58.710 --> 00:02:03.120 I want to use another color so you can see it nicely. 30 00:02:03.120 --> 00:02:07.920 So this is where I'm getting the 58 and 76, 31 00:02:07.920 --> 00:02:10.920 because we are talking about both parents 32 00:02:10.920 --> 00:02:14.523 being hyperlipidemic or one parent being hyperlipidemic. 33 00:02:17.280 --> 00:02:19.770 Now, for the denominator, there are no conditions 34 00:02:19.770 --> 00:02:21.600 or stipulations attached. 35 00:02:21.600 --> 00:02:26.220 So that will be our entire cohort, our entire population. 36 00:02:26.220 --> 00:02:29.910 And what is that? That is 223. 37 00:02:29.910 --> 00:02:31.890 So our entire cohort, and again, 38 00:02:31.890 --> 00:02:35.250 I'm going to use a different color this time again. 39 00:02:35.250 --> 00:02:37.860 And that is this, 223. 40 00:02:37.860 --> 00:02:42.240 That is going to be our denominator. 41 00:02:42.240 --> 00:02:45.210 So now to do the calculation, what we have to do, again, 42 00:02:45.210 --> 00:02:49.590 I'm gonna go back to black, the color I was using. 43 00:02:49.590 --> 00:02:53.533 For the calculation, what we have to do is take 134 44 00:02:55.950 --> 00:02:59.730 and divide that by 223. 45 00:02:59.730 --> 00:03:01.530 And what do we get as a result? 46 00:03:01.530 --> 00:03:06.530 We are going to get 0.60 or 60%, so what does this mean? 47 00:03:09.030 --> 00:03:12.853 This means that the probability of one 48 00:03:14.280 --> 00:03:18.420 or both parents being hyperlipidemic is 60% 49 00:03:19.710 --> 00:03:24.710 if the child or the children is hyperlipidemic, okay. 50 00:03:26.000 --> 00:03:31.000 So 60% is the probability, so the probability, 51 00:03:32.430 --> 00:03:33.753 and I'll write it here. 52 00:03:36.420 --> 00:03:37.570 So the probability 53 00:03:43.200 --> 00:03:44.500 of one 54 00:03:45.570 --> 00:03:46.510 or both 55 00:03:49.560 --> 00:03:51.720 parent being hyperlipidemic 56 00:04:01.860 --> 00:04:06.860 60% if the child is hyperlipidemic 57 00:04:07.050 --> 00:04:10.593 based on the values provided on this table.