WEBVTT 1 00:00:01.050 --> 00:00:02.010 In lecture three, 2 00:00:02.010 --> 00:00:04.830 we'll explore the topic of map layouts. 3 00:00:04.830 --> 00:00:07.200 Given that this is an advanced GIS class, 4 00:00:07.200 --> 00:00:09.060 it's more than likely you've all got experience 5 00:00:09.060 --> 00:00:11.670 using a map for one purpose or another. 6 00:00:11.670 --> 00:00:13.140 Maybe it was for work 7 00:00:13.140 --> 00:00:15.513 or last week when you went snowshoeing. 8 00:00:16.380 --> 00:00:18.630 You've also likely seen maps in newspapers, 9 00:00:18.630 --> 00:00:21.423 popular literature, and scientific journals. 10 00:00:22.890 --> 00:00:25.170 With the number of excellent Covid mapping resources 11 00:00:25.170 --> 00:00:26.790 available via the web, 12 00:00:26.790 --> 00:00:28.890 I'd be surprised if people aren't looking at maps 13 00:00:28.890 --> 00:00:31.830 more frequently than in pre-Covid times. 14 00:00:31.830 --> 00:00:34.620 These next three maps are from "The New York Times," 15 00:00:34.620 --> 00:00:38.043 beautiful in their simplicity, sobering in their reality. 16 00:00:39.060 --> 00:00:42.663 Map options from this site include current hotspots, 17 00:00:46.680 --> 00:00:48.303 total cases by country, 18 00:00:52.530 --> 00:00:55.233 and cases per capita at the country scale. 19 00:00:59.550 --> 00:01:02.760 This next example from the Harvard Global Health Institute 20 00:01:02.760 --> 00:01:05.130 offers an added level of functionality, 21 00:01:05.130 --> 00:01:06.690 allowing the user to mediate 22 00:01:06.690 --> 00:01:09.180 among different geographical aggregations, 23 00:01:09.180 --> 00:01:12.450 states, counties, and congressional districts, 24 00:01:12.450 --> 00:01:15.630 as well as the ability to mouse over a geographic entity 25 00:01:15.630 --> 00:01:17.613 and review relevant details. 26 00:01:18.600 --> 00:01:19.560 In this example, 27 00:01:19.560 --> 00:01:22.290 we're looking at what's gone on over the last two weeks 28 00:01:22.290 --> 00:01:23.883 in Washington County, Vermont. 29 00:01:25.590 --> 00:01:27.810 One aside here, if there was ever a time 30 00:01:27.810 --> 00:01:31.320 to maintain a feature class and its attribution separately, 31 00:01:31.320 --> 00:01:32.790 this is it. 32 00:01:32.790 --> 00:01:35.130 Consider that we're 300 give or take days 33 00:01:35.130 --> 00:01:36.750 into this pandemic, 34 00:01:36.750 --> 00:01:38.040 if all the data were stored 35 00:01:38.040 --> 00:01:40.080 in the feature class attribute table, 36 00:01:40.080 --> 00:01:43.770 that means there would be 300 plus attributes and counting 37 00:01:43.770 --> 00:01:45.363 in a single feature class. 38 00:01:46.440 --> 00:01:48.240 Even with indexing, 39 00:01:48.240 --> 00:01:51.300 this attribute table might bog your system down. 40 00:01:51.300 --> 00:01:52.560 Storing data separately 41 00:01:52.560 --> 00:01:55.350 and only activating the data when required 42 00:01:55.350 --> 00:01:58.533 is a much more efficient way to process and serve the data. 43 00:02:01.380 --> 00:02:03.990 Those examples represent dynamic maps 44 00:02:03.990 --> 00:02:07.050 meant to be regularly updated and served via a web app 45 00:02:07.050 --> 00:02:09.330 built using any number of commercial 46 00:02:09.330 --> 00:02:10.923 or open source products. 47 00:02:12.210 --> 00:02:13.740 We can use static maps 48 00:02:13.740 --> 00:02:16.110 to convey relatively simple information, 49 00:02:16.110 --> 00:02:18.813 such as the standard time zones in Antarctica, 50 00:02:19.800 --> 00:02:22.500 or they can be used to communicate more complicated ideas 51 00:02:22.500 --> 00:02:25.950 to encourage critical thought about the world around us. 52 00:02:25.950 --> 00:02:26.783 In this example, 53 00:02:26.783 --> 00:02:29.220 we observe the size of the African continent 54 00:02:29.220 --> 00:02:31.620 in relation to other countries around the world. 55 00:02:34.740 --> 00:02:36.480 This map uses an interesting approach 56 00:02:36.480 --> 00:02:39.570 to modifying geometry known as a cartogram. 57 00:02:39.570 --> 00:02:41.970 Essentially, this is a choropleth map. 58 00:02:41.970 --> 00:02:44.670 Colors vary by the values in the dataset 59 00:02:44.670 --> 00:02:45.600 except in this case, 60 00:02:45.600 --> 00:02:48.090 the value is used to alter the geometry 61 00:02:48.090 --> 00:02:49.410 in proportion to the values 62 00:02:49.410 --> 00:02:51.260 of the other features in the dataset. 63 00:02:52.320 --> 00:02:55.020 The cartogram shows a context analysis 64 00:02:55.020 --> 00:02:57.750 of all tweets, including retweets, 65 00:02:57.750 --> 00:03:01.500 made between President Trump's election in November 2016, 66 00:03:01.500 --> 00:03:05.580 and the November 2020 election, when he lost his office. 67 00:03:05.580 --> 00:03:07.410 The US was excluded from the analysis, 68 00:03:07.410 --> 00:03:09.870 so that it would disappear from the map. 69 00:03:09.870 --> 00:03:11.400 The cartogram provides a picture 70 00:03:11.400 --> 00:03:13.950 of the former president's foreign policy focus 71 00:03:13.950 --> 00:03:15.483 during his time in office. 72 00:03:16.680 --> 00:03:18.540 I always find it interesting to look at maps 73 00:03:18.540 --> 00:03:21.330 that make me think twice about what I'm seeing. 74 00:03:21.330 --> 00:03:23.250 Here's a map that inverts the color scheme 75 00:03:23.250 --> 00:03:25.620 from what we'd normally expect. 76 00:03:25.620 --> 00:03:27.780 We see the bathymetry of the global sea floor 77 00:03:27.780 --> 00:03:29.160 represented with a color scheme 78 00:03:29.160 --> 00:03:32.703 more often applied to terrestrial locations and vice versa. 79 00:03:34.380 --> 00:03:36.270 This next one is kinda fun. 80 00:03:36.270 --> 00:03:38.040 We see six of the seven deadly sins 81 00:03:38.040 --> 00:03:39.930 represented on a per capita basis 82 00:03:39.930 --> 00:03:41.380 throughout the United States. 83 00:03:42.390 --> 00:03:45.300 The darker the brown, the saintlier your region. 84 00:03:45.300 --> 00:03:49.140 Find yourself in the magenta, you're living among devils. 85 00:03:49.140 --> 00:03:52.023 Each sin was derived from a suite of different factors. 86 00:03:52.920 --> 00:03:55.110 Once calculated, the six sins were summed 87 00:03:55.110 --> 00:03:58.020 to compute the seventh deadly sin, pride, 88 00:03:58.020 --> 00:04:00.360 since it is the root of all sin. 89 00:04:00.360 --> 00:04:01.830 The map author has certainly taken 90 00:04:01.830 --> 00:04:05.010 some creative license here in defining relevant concepts, 91 00:04:05.010 --> 00:04:08.010 seeking data, and arranging its display. 92 00:04:08.010 --> 00:04:10.140 That said, this effort represents 93 00:04:10.140 --> 00:04:11.580 an attempt to classify the country 94 00:04:11.580 --> 00:04:14.793 using a variety of geospatial data resources. 95 00:04:17.100 --> 00:04:20.070 Most maps are not suitable for navigational purposes. 96 00:04:20.070 --> 00:04:22.590 They're simply meant to convey information. 97 00:04:22.590 --> 00:04:26.220 We just reviewed several examples of that type of mapping. 98 00:04:26.220 --> 00:04:28.020 Other maps look like they might be useful 99 00:04:28.020 --> 00:04:28.920 when you're out and about, 100 00:04:28.920 --> 00:04:30.150 but may explicitly state 101 00:04:30.150 --> 00:04:33.210 that they are not to be used for navigation. 102 00:04:33.210 --> 00:04:35.550 The National Park Service map we'll see on the next slide 103 00:04:35.550 --> 00:04:36.813 is an example of that. 104 00:04:37.770 --> 00:04:41.970 However, maps like the USGS topo sheet that we see here 105 00:04:41.970 --> 00:04:44.340 are held to a much stricter cardiographic standard, 106 00:04:44.340 --> 00:04:47.610 so that they can be safely used for navigational purposes, 107 00:04:47.610 --> 00:04:50.363 assuming the reader of the map knows what they're doing. 108 00:04:51.420 --> 00:04:53.010 Here's a map of the Olympic Peninsula 109 00:04:53.010 --> 00:04:55.530 created by the National Park Service. 110 00:04:55.530 --> 00:04:56.880 There's lots of detail, 111 00:04:56.880 --> 00:04:58.440 but perhaps not the quality we'd like 112 00:04:58.440 --> 00:05:00.540 for navigation purposes. 113 00:05:00.540 --> 00:05:02.730 I can recall several entertaining conversations 114 00:05:02.730 --> 00:05:05.130 about the suitability of those maps for navigation 115 00:05:05.130 --> 00:05:06.840 with park rangers. 116 00:05:06.840 --> 00:05:08.430 Mostly, I was curious why they'd provide 117 00:05:08.430 --> 00:05:09.810 a map as you enter the park 118 00:05:09.810 --> 00:05:12.480 and then tell you not to use it for directions. 119 00:05:12.480 --> 00:05:13.920 Of course, what they actually meant 120 00:05:13.920 --> 00:05:15.300 was that this map is not suitable 121 00:05:15.300 --> 00:05:18.270 for navigating off trail in the back country. 122 00:05:18.270 --> 00:05:19.773 I can definitely second that. 123 00:05:20.910 --> 00:05:22.290 In terms of map elements, 124 00:05:22.290 --> 00:05:23.400 of course, we'd expect to see 125 00:05:23.400 --> 00:05:25.020 the geographic features of interest 126 00:05:25.020 --> 00:05:26.700 contained within the map, 127 00:05:26.700 --> 00:05:28.320 but what else should we be looking for 128 00:05:28.320 --> 00:05:29.943 within our overall map layout? 129 00:05:31.560 --> 00:05:34.680 At a minimum, the list of required map elements includes, 130 00:05:34.680 --> 00:05:39.210 a legend, title, north arrow, and a scale bar, 131 00:05:39.210 --> 00:05:42.000 in addition to the map frame, of course. 132 00:05:42.000 --> 00:05:44.520 The legend serves as the crosswalk or translation 133 00:05:44.520 --> 00:05:47.430 between a map symbol, like a blue polygon, 134 00:05:47.430 --> 00:05:49.830 and a concept, like a lake, 135 00:05:49.830 --> 00:05:51.510 and is critical for interpreting 136 00:05:51.510 --> 00:05:54.390 and understanding the map contents. 137 00:05:54.390 --> 00:05:55.770 It's also helpful to include 138 00:05:55.770 --> 00:05:58.560 additional detail as space allows, 139 00:05:58.560 --> 00:06:00.270 information like the map creator 140 00:06:00.270 --> 00:06:03.000 and the agency or organization they work for, 141 00:06:03.000 --> 00:06:05.490 maybe a neatline, a box around the map 142 00:06:05.490 --> 00:06:07.500 that includes geographic coordinates, 143 00:06:07.500 --> 00:06:10.533 and lastly, details about data sources. 144 00:06:12.300 --> 00:06:14.880 Here's an example from that Olympic National Park map 145 00:06:14.880 --> 00:06:16.203 we saw on the last slide. 146 00:06:17.040 --> 00:06:18.480 All those details are included 147 00:06:18.480 --> 00:06:20.850 in the lower left corner of the map layout. 148 00:06:20.850 --> 00:06:22.770 From the top of the information block down, 149 00:06:22.770 --> 00:06:25.923 we see a north arrow, scale bar, and legend. 150 00:06:27.270 --> 00:06:28.920 I've zoomed in here on one comment 151 00:06:28.920 --> 00:06:31.290 included in the auxiliary information, 152 00:06:31.290 --> 00:06:33.090 although it's likely I've zoomed in far enough 153 00:06:33.090 --> 00:06:35.010 that the text is pixelated. 154 00:06:35.010 --> 00:06:38.077 It reads, "Do not use this map for hiking. 155 00:06:38.077 --> 00:06:40.467 "Get detailed topographic maps." 156 00:06:41.880 --> 00:06:42.840 What's also nice here 157 00:06:42.840 --> 00:06:44.730 is the inclusion of descriptive paragraphs 158 00:06:44.730 --> 00:06:46.650 about the different parts of the park. 159 00:06:46.650 --> 00:06:50.163 Again, nice detail to feature, if you have the space. 160 00:06:51.840 --> 00:06:54.660 If we look at the bottom of the USGS topo quad sheet 161 00:06:54.660 --> 00:06:56.460 from two slides earlier, 162 00:06:56.460 --> 00:06:58.950 we notice that the map frame includes a neatline, 163 00:06:58.950 --> 00:07:01.470 only the bottom edge is visible here, 164 00:07:01.470 --> 00:07:05.130 details regarding the scale and declination of the map, 165 00:07:05.130 --> 00:07:06.570 and an overview map, 166 00:07:06.570 --> 00:07:09.170 showing where in Vermont the quad sheet is situated, 167 00:07:10.110 --> 00:07:14.490 a legend, a map name, and the publishing authority. 168 00:07:14.490 --> 00:07:17.193 Lots of detail crammed into a small space. 169 00:07:20.370 --> 00:07:23.850 Let's redirect our focus to ArcGIS for the next few slides 170 00:07:23.850 --> 00:07:25.650 before concluding the Module Two lectures 171 00:07:25.650 --> 00:07:28.623 with a map layout demonstration in ArcGIS Pro. 172 00:07:31.110 --> 00:07:32.580 From the insert ribbon, 173 00:07:32.580 --> 00:07:35.340 click new layout to expose the lengthy list of options 174 00:07:35.340 --> 00:07:37.710 for page sizes for your map. 175 00:07:37.710 --> 00:07:39.180 Before we proceed though, 176 00:07:39.180 --> 00:07:42.270 let's make sure we're all in sync with some terminology. 177 00:07:42.270 --> 00:07:45.390 The map layout features one or more map frames, 178 00:07:45.390 --> 00:07:49.980 each of which refer to the data and symbology of a map pane. 179 00:07:49.980 --> 00:07:53.910 We use a map pane to organize and analyze data. 180 00:07:53.910 --> 00:07:56.010 The map frame is one component 181 00:07:56.010 --> 00:07:58.680 or required element of a map layout, 182 00:07:58.680 --> 00:08:00.120 the final product we create 183 00:08:00.120 --> 00:08:02.313 to convey the findings of an investigation. 184 00:08:03.540 --> 00:08:05.550 It's the map that we want to publish to the web 185 00:08:05.550 --> 00:08:09.243 or print to paper or otherwise share with outside parties. 186 00:08:10.920 --> 00:08:12.810 After we've made our page size selection, 187 00:08:12.810 --> 00:08:15.720 we select the map frame to insert into the map layout 188 00:08:15.720 --> 00:08:18.063 from the insert ribbon map frame option. 189 00:08:18.960 --> 00:08:20.130 Notice the list represents 190 00:08:20.130 --> 00:08:22.803 every map pane in the active project. 191 00:08:24.510 --> 00:08:26.700 Once you've made your map frame selection, 192 00:08:26.700 --> 00:08:28.620 draw a rectangular container on the page 193 00:08:28.620 --> 00:08:30.750 where you'd like the map to be drawn. 194 00:08:30.750 --> 00:08:33.450 Don't worry about making it exact on your first crack. 195 00:08:33.450 --> 00:08:34.710 You can always make adjustments 196 00:08:34.710 --> 00:08:37.500 to both the size and location of the map frame 197 00:08:37.500 --> 00:08:40.020 after it's been inserted into the map layout. 198 00:08:40.020 --> 00:08:42.510 It's possible to insert multiple map panes, 199 00:08:42.510 --> 00:08:45.030 which is a useful technique for including a location map 200 00:08:45.030 --> 00:08:47.970 as a geographic reference for the map user. 201 00:08:47.970 --> 00:08:49.530 We will look at an example of this 202 00:08:49.530 --> 00:08:51.033 in the upcoming demonstration. 203 00:08:53.400 --> 00:08:54.810 Once you finish drawing that box, 204 00:08:54.810 --> 00:08:57.000 the data appears as it is symbolized 205 00:08:57.000 --> 00:08:59.103 in the map pane that it is drawn from. 206 00:09:00.120 --> 00:09:01.140 You'd still need to insert 207 00:09:01.140 --> 00:09:03.420 a north arrow, scale bar, and legend, 208 00:09:03.420 --> 00:09:05.550 but I think you get the idea here. 209 00:09:05.550 --> 00:09:06.450 For what it's worth, 210 00:09:06.450 --> 00:09:08.520 the insert ribbon includes the functionality 211 00:09:08.520 --> 00:09:09.903 to accomplish all of that. 212 00:09:11.160 --> 00:09:14.910 One more thing to mention here, if you select an element, 213 00:09:14.910 --> 00:09:18.600 like the map frame or a scale bar or a legend, 214 00:09:18.600 --> 00:09:19.800 a new ribbon item appears 215 00:09:19.800 --> 00:09:22.230 at the right end of the list of ribbons. 216 00:09:22.230 --> 00:09:24.660 In this case, I have the map frame selected, 217 00:09:24.660 --> 00:09:28.050 and the ribbon that appears is labeled map frame format. 218 00:09:28.050 --> 00:09:29.640 If I had the scale bar selected, 219 00:09:29.640 --> 00:09:32.160 it would be named scale bar format. 220 00:09:32.160 --> 00:09:34.470 To make adjustments to a map element, 221 00:09:34.470 --> 00:09:36.600 select it in the map layout 222 00:09:36.600 --> 00:09:39.120 and access the functionality of the format ribbon 223 00:09:39.120 --> 00:09:40.353 that is exposed. 224 00:09:42.240 --> 00:09:43.740 Let's close out this lecture with a look 225 00:09:43.740 --> 00:09:47.643 at a map layout I created during a project with the USGS. 226 00:09:48.690 --> 00:09:51.660 The area of interest was in eastern Utah. 227 00:09:51.660 --> 00:09:54.180 I have my main map, the map of Utah, 228 00:09:54.180 --> 00:09:56.700 situated on the right side of the page. 229 00:09:56.700 --> 00:09:59.730 The green polygon represents the study area. 230 00:09:59.730 --> 00:10:01.200 In the upper left corner, 231 00:10:01.200 --> 00:10:02.730 I've got a reference map for folks 232 00:10:02.730 --> 00:10:04.470 that don't know where Utah is located 233 00:10:04.470 --> 00:10:06.570 within the United States. 234 00:10:06.570 --> 00:10:07.860 This location map features 235 00:10:07.860 --> 00:10:10.890 its own north arrow and scale bar. 236 00:10:10.890 --> 00:10:13.170 Below that, I place the legend, scale bar, 237 00:10:13.170 --> 00:10:14.820 and north arrow for the main map. 238 00:10:15.900 --> 00:10:17.220 It's always dangerous business 239 00:10:17.220 --> 00:10:19.410 to look back at old mapping work. 240 00:10:19.410 --> 00:10:21.720 Hopefully, my skills have evolved and improved 241 00:10:21.720 --> 00:10:24.510 since I created this map so long ago. 242 00:10:24.510 --> 00:10:26.490 If I were to critique this layout now, 243 00:10:26.490 --> 00:10:28.680 I'd recommend three changes. 244 00:10:28.680 --> 00:10:30.480 First, I would synchronize 245 00:10:30.480 --> 00:10:33.480 the colors of the Utah State boundary in the two maps, 246 00:10:33.480 --> 00:10:36.153 either red or blue, but not both ways. 247 00:10:37.080 --> 00:10:39.600 Second, I'd shrink the state of Utah map 248 00:10:39.600 --> 00:10:42.180 and move the scale bar and north arrow for it 249 00:10:42.180 --> 00:10:43.653 below the state outline. 250 00:10:44.670 --> 00:10:47.190 Lastly, I'd add some details about the map 251 00:10:47.190 --> 00:10:50.250 in that newly freed up space below the legend. 252 00:10:50.250 --> 00:10:52.380 I'm sure there's more to tinker with here. 253 00:10:52.380 --> 00:10:55.560 Again, it can be dangerous to your free time 254 00:10:55.560 --> 00:10:57.960 to review old efforts at mapping. 255 00:10:57.960 --> 00:10:59.280 That's it for slides. 256 00:10:59.280 --> 00:11:01.200 Join me for the next video to learn more about 257 00:11:01.200 --> 00:11:04.413 creating and editing map layouts in ArcGIS Pro.