WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.360 --> 00:00:03.360 Hi everyone, and welcome to our very first module 2 00:00:03.360 --> 00:00:06.060 and lecture in public health advocacy. 3 00:00:06.060 --> 00:00:08.160 Today is all about setting the groundwork 4 00:00:08.160 --> 00:00:11.280 for what public health advocacy is and introducing it 5 00:00:11.280 --> 00:00:14.070 as not only a specialty within public health 6 00:00:14.070 --> 00:00:17.820 but also the framework that you'll need to go forward 7 00:00:17.820 --> 00:00:19.980 and make campaigns for what you're passionate about 8 00:00:19.980 --> 00:00:22.200 and make the changes you will want to see 9 00:00:22.200 --> 00:00:24.330 in your communities. 10 00:00:24.330 --> 00:00:27.300 Before we dive into lecture material, I just wanted to go 11 00:00:27.300 --> 00:00:30.393 over four distinct learning objectives for this lecture. 12 00:00:31.320 --> 00:00:33.690 By the end of this lecture, you'll be able to 13 00:00:33.690 --> 00:00:36.720 define key terms in public health advocacy. 14 00:00:36.720 --> 00:00:38.250 You'll be able to analyze 15 00:00:38.250 --> 00:00:41.010 the Iton-Witt Health Equity Framework. 16 00:00:41.010 --> 00:00:44.550 You'll be able to identify the role of advocacy 17 00:00:44.550 --> 00:00:48.150 in both modern-day public health and public health history. 18 00:00:48.150 --> 00:00:51.330 And lastly, you'll be able to define the four steps 19 00:00:51.330 --> 00:00:54.420 to effective advocacy work for policy change. 20 00:00:54.420 --> 00:00:56.430 So let's dive in. 21 00:00:56.430 --> 00:01:00.120 Three really important key terms that will be helpful 22 00:01:00.120 --> 00:01:02.550 not only in the field of public health 23 00:01:02.550 --> 00:01:05.370 but in this course in public health advocacy. 24 00:01:05.370 --> 00:01:06.960 I wanted to quickly take a moment 25 00:01:06.960 --> 00:01:09.060 to define three definitions. 26 00:01:09.060 --> 00:01:12.060 The first is, what do I mean by health policy? 27 00:01:12.060 --> 00:01:14.460 What is it meant by policy change 28 00:01:14.460 --> 00:01:17.670 and what is meant by policy advocacy? 29 00:01:17.670 --> 00:01:20.010 In our book there in our textbook 30 00:01:20.010 --> 00:01:21.510 there was some really great definitions 31 00:01:21.510 --> 00:01:25.350 so I'm going to just provide the textbook definition 32 00:01:25.350 --> 00:01:29.040 and then some examples to better place the words 33 00:01:29.040 --> 00:01:31.173 on the page to real life. 34 00:01:32.100 --> 00:01:33.300 So what is health policy? 35 00:01:33.300 --> 00:01:34.950 Put very simply these are rules 36 00:01:34.950 --> 00:01:37.050 that are governing health issues. 37 00:01:37.050 --> 00:01:40.770 They are policies that are put out to have a specific 38 00:01:40.770 --> 00:01:42.720 end goal for positive health outcomes. 39 00:01:42.720 --> 00:01:45.660 An example of this would be Central Vermont 40 00:01:45.660 --> 00:01:48.660 Medical Center's Tobacco Policy outlining the parameters 41 00:01:48.660 --> 00:01:51.690 for tobacco use on their campus. 42 00:01:51.690 --> 00:01:54.660 As we all know in public health there is a lot of research 43 00:01:54.660 --> 00:01:56.430 and data surrounding tobacco use 44 00:01:56.430 --> 00:01:59.520 and how it has negative health outcomes. 45 00:01:59.520 --> 00:02:01.950 It is important to mention that health policy 46 00:02:01.950 --> 00:02:06.333 can be implemented at both a local and state level. 47 00:02:07.440 --> 00:02:10.500 Next, what do I mean by policy change? 48 00:02:10.500 --> 00:02:12.870 The textbook calls this a shift in the rules 49 00:02:12.870 --> 00:02:15.240 that allows new ways of doing things. 50 00:02:15.240 --> 00:02:18.510 This can mean that there are new avenues 51 00:02:18.510 --> 00:02:21.720 or reform that allows for something such as 52 00:02:21.720 --> 00:02:24.270 the Affordable Care Act to be more accessible 53 00:02:24.270 --> 00:02:26.610 or perhaps on the other spectrum for things 54 00:02:26.610 --> 00:02:30.090 to become less accessible. 55 00:02:30.090 --> 00:02:32.310 An example of policy change would be a really 56 00:02:32.310 --> 00:02:35.550 interesting article that shows the United States 57 00:02:35.550 --> 00:02:37.860 Firearm Policies for the last two years. 58 00:02:37.860 --> 00:02:41.460 I have included the link here for any curious minds. 59 00:02:41.460 --> 00:02:44.340 Lastly, what is policy advocacy? 60 00:02:44.340 --> 00:02:46.350 This is something that if you are passionate 61 00:02:46.350 --> 00:02:48.330 about public health advocacy currently 62 00:02:48.330 --> 00:02:51.240 and pursue want to pursue after school 63 00:02:51.240 --> 00:02:52.710 this is where you'll lie. 64 00:02:52.710 --> 00:02:54.660 And this is policy advocacy 65 00:02:54.660 --> 00:02:56.910 as a way to change health policy 66 00:02:56.910 --> 00:03:00.010 as well as how we are allocating our resources 67 00:03:02.130 --> 00:03:05.580 on a government or private institution or agency level. 68 00:03:05.580 --> 00:03:08.430 A really great example of policy advocacy 69 00:03:08.430 --> 00:03:10.530 is the Black Lives Matter movement 70 00:03:10.530 --> 00:03:12.750 and all of the policy reform that has come 71 00:03:12.750 --> 00:03:15.543 from this advocacy group. 72 00:03:16.890 --> 00:03:21.000 And just like the overarching theme of public health, 73 00:03:21.000 --> 00:03:24.210 the definitions are not always so cut and dry 74 00:03:24.210 --> 00:03:26.640 as we know a great definition for public health 75 00:03:26.640 --> 00:03:30.000 put simply is promoting health and preventing disease. 76 00:03:30.000 --> 00:03:32.280 There is also many different working definitions 77 00:03:32.280 --> 00:03:34.110 for public health advocacy. 78 00:03:34.110 --> 00:03:36.810 Our textbook goes over John Hopkins definition 79 00:03:36.810 --> 00:03:38.520 of Public health advocacy 80 00:03:38.520 --> 00:03:41.470 and I personally think this is a really strong example 81 00:03:42.350 --> 00:03:45.540 of why what we do in advocacy work is so important. 82 00:03:45.540 --> 00:03:47.100 So I will read this for you. 83 00:03:47.100 --> 00:03:49.890 Again, this can also be found in the text. 84 00:03:49.890 --> 00:03:53.310 So public health advocacy is to influence policy 85 00:03:53.310 --> 00:03:57.990 and practices in ways that benefit people's health 86 00:03:57.990 --> 00:04:01.110 and wellbeing and the societies in which they live. 87 00:04:01.110 --> 00:04:04.110 Advocates within government, civil society, 88 00:04:04.110 --> 00:04:07.050 and academia use evidence and other rationales 89 00:04:07.050 --> 00:04:09.240 to improve the social good by, 90 00:04:09.240 --> 00:04:12.120 one, encouraging positive changes to law 91 00:04:12.120 --> 00:04:15.630 and to government and service policies, 92 00:04:15.630 --> 00:04:19.230 improving access to scientific data and evidence, 93 00:04:19.230 --> 00:04:22.110 increasing financial support for interventions 94 00:04:22.110 --> 00:04:23.460 to promote health 95 00:04:23.460 --> 00:04:27.063 and altering or shifting public attitudes and behavior. 96 00:04:28.140 --> 00:04:30.300 In this course, we are really going to be working 97 00:04:30.300 --> 00:04:32.790 on how to address all four of these 98 00:04:32.790 --> 00:04:35.100 through the use of developing a campaign 99 00:04:35.100 --> 00:04:37.650 in effectively communicating our message 100 00:04:37.650 --> 00:04:41.343 and the data we collect on our area of interest. 101 00:04:45.450 --> 00:04:49.050 The authors of our texts also provide another definition 102 00:04:49.050 --> 00:04:51.270 and that is what advocacy is. 103 00:04:51.270 --> 00:04:53.820 They are citing Cohen et al and saying 104 00:04:53.820 --> 00:04:57.630 advocacy is the pursuit of influencing outcomes 105 00:04:57.630 --> 00:05:00.480 that directly affect people's life. 106 00:05:00.480 --> 00:05:03.270 This really ties into what health equity is 107 00:05:03.270 --> 00:05:05.283 and what health inequity is. 108 00:05:07.260 --> 00:05:08.910 So what is health equity? 109 00:05:08.910 --> 00:05:11.580 You may have heard this in other public health classes 110 00:05:11.580 --> 00:05:13.290 or perhaps this is your first time 111 00:05:13.290 --> 00:05:15.360 in a public health course. 112 00:05:15.360 --> 00:05:19.800 Public health equity or health equity in general is the goal 113 00:05:19.800 --> 00:05:22.200 of what we do in public health, and that is to ensure 114 00:05:22.200 --> 00:05:27.060 that everyone has an opportunity to have the best possible 115 00:05:27.060 --> 00:05:28.740 health outcomes they can have 116 00:05:28.740 --> 00:05:31.320 and that is accounting for any disparities 117 00:05:31.320 --> 00:05:33.990 or inequities they may face to get there. 118 00:05:33.990 --> 00:05:36.270 This is very different from equality 119 00:05:36.270 --> 00:05:37.920 where we are providing everybody 120 00:05:37.920 --> 00:05:40.230 with the same intervention 121 00:05:40.230 --> 00:05:44.130 regardless of any disparities or obstacles they may come. 122 00:05:44.130 --> 00:05:45.900 A really great example is right here, 123 00:05:45.900 --> 00:05:48.030 The Media Care Blog post. 124 00:05:48.030 --> 00:05:50.970 This shows equity is very different from equality 125 00:05:50.970 --> 00:05:53.430 and should not be used interchangeably. 126 00:05:53.430 --> 00:05:54.960 Here on the left, we have equality. 127 00:05:54.960 --> 00:05:57.150 Everyone is given the same box 128 00:05:57.150 --> 00:06:01.440 despite the fact that two of the people still cannot see. 129 00:06:01.440 --> 00:06:03.660 Whereas in health equity initiatives, 130 00:06:03.660 --> 00:06:06.480 we take in consideration that there are people who are 131 00:06:06.480 --> 00:06:08.310 smaller who can't see the fence, 132 00:06:08.310 --> 00:06:11.070 and perhaps somebody who already can see the fence may not 133 00:06:11.070 --> 00:06:13.830 need as much support or as much consideration 134 00:06:13.830 --> 00:06:15.753 as the two others to see. 135 00:06:16.920 --> 00:06:19.230 On the flip side, health inequity 136 00:06:19.230 --> 00:06:22.410 this is where there is not a fair and just opportunity 137 00:06:22.410 --> 00:06:26.040 for individuals to have the best positive health outcomes 138 00:06:26.040 --> 00:06:30.300 without consideration to any disparities they may face 139 00:06:30.300 --> 00:06:31.133 to get there. 140 00:06:32.160 --> 00:06:35.760 We must remember that our feelings of wanting 141 00:06:35.760 --> 00:06:37.590 to make a change where we see inequities 142 00:06:37.590 --> 00:06:41.850 and disparities is not new to the 21st century. 143 00:06:41.850 --> 00:06:45.570 And there's some examples of historical advocacy work 144 00:06:45.570 --> 00:06:49.260 include 13th century, the protests leading 145 00:06:49.260 --> 00:06:52.314 to the Magna Carta and the development of rights 146 00:06:52.314 --> 00:06:56.100 that were more fair and just than what was happening prior. 147 00:06:56.100 --> 00:06:59.040 We also see in the text they mentioned Dr. Virchow, 148 00:06:59.040 --> 00:07:03.270 who was identifying and advocating that social conditions 149 00:07:03.270 --> 00:07:05.370 did influence health. 150 00:07:05.370 --> 00:07:09.810 Again, we see Dr. Snow, John Snow as a pillar of advocacy 151 00:07:09.810 --> 00:07:13.260 work in the cholera epidemic in London, 152 00:07:13.260 --> 00:07:17.070 and advocating for you know, a change in shift in beliefs 153 00:07:17.070 --> 00:07:21.060 to understand that cholera is not always spread by air 154 00:07:21.060 --> 00:07:23.253 but rather by a water source. 155 00:07:24.150 --> 00:07:26.490 Moving closer to the 21st century 156 00:07:26.490 --> 00:07:28.710 we have the Women's Suffrage Movement, 157 00:07:28.710 --> 00:07:33.330 advocacy and activist work that led to women's right to vote 158 00:07:33.330 --> 00:07:35.070 changing millions of lives 159 00:07:35.070 --> 00:07:37.220 and continuing to change millions of lives. 160 00:07:38.280 --> 00:07:41.190 The March on Washington 1963, 161 00:07:41.190 --> 00:07:44.100 to me one of the biggest advocacy movements 162 00:07:44.100 --> 00:07:47.430 on the history of all history. 163 00:07:47.430 --> 00:07:49.500 We have the occupation of Alcatraz 164 00:07:49.500 --> 00:07:54.150 which continues to be a fueling fire for indigenous activism 165 00:07:54.150 --> 00:07:56.340 and advocacy groups. 166 00:07:56.340 --> 00:07:59.340 We have the 2022 Black Lives Matter Movement. 167 00:07:59.340 --> 00:08:02.580 This is still an ongoing movement working to dismantle 168 00:08:02.580 --> 00:08:06.450 systemic racism and to address inequalities 169 00:08:06.450 --> 00:08:10.020 for black individuals throughout the United States 170 00:08:10.020 --> 00:08:11.790 in addition to changing policies 171 00:08:11.790 --> 00:08:14.370 in regards to police brutality. 172 00:08:14.370 --> 00:08:17.010 Lastly, I wanted to highlight the current 173 00:08:17.010 --> 00:08:20.280 Women's Rights 2022 Movement in terms of 174 00:08:20.280 --> 00:08:24.150 reproductive autonomy and addressing any bills 175 00:08:24.150 --> 00:08:27.720 and legislator out there that are working to dismantle 176 00:08:27.720 --> 00:08:29.460 autonomy for women. 177 00:08:29.460 --> 00:08:32.370 I'm also going to extend this to the current 178 00:08:32.370 --> 00:08:35.850 Iranian Women's Right Movement that is going on, 179 00:08:35.850 --> 00:08:38.490 and we will talk about this a lot in this class 180 00:08:38.490 --> 00:08:40.410 as I am currently developing this class 181 00:08:40.410 --> 00:08:43.983 alongside following the Iranian movement for women's rights. 182 00:08:45.120 --> 00:08:47.490 So you are going to see this slide a lot 183 00:08:47.490 --> 00:08:49.710 in this course because this is the foundation 184 00:08:49.710 --> 00:08:52.020 of what this course is all about. 185 00:08:52.020 --> 00:08:56.310 We are going through the steps for effective advocacy work. 186 00:08:56.310 --> 00:08:58.170 The four steps that the book highlights 187 00:08:58.170 --> 00:09:01.170 and I agree are to first define the problem 188 00:09:01.170 --> 00:09:02.640 and make your plan. 189 00:09:02.640 --> 00:09:04.980 The next is to gather facts. 190 00:09:04.980 --> 00:09:06.390 The third is to build support. 191 00:09:06.390 --> 00:09:08.040 And lastly, we're going to communicate 192 00:09:08.040 --> 00:09:09.840 in a clear and compelling story 193 00:09:09.840 --> 00:09:12.120 of what is wrong and what should be done. 194 00:09:12.120 --> 00:09:13.950 This is easier said than done. 195 00:09:13.950 --> 00:09:15.870 As we will discuss in this class 196 00:09:15.870 --> 00:09:17.910 each of these steps is very complex 197 00:09:17.910 --> 00:09:22.020 and requires a lot of stakeholder meetings, 198 00:09:22.020 --> 00:09:24.963 perspectives and attention to detail. 199 00:09:26.490 --> 00:09:28.560 We are going to go over a lot of different types 200 00:09:28.560 --> 00:09:31.350 of advocacy, but a few just to highlight include 201 00:09:31.350 --> 00:09:36.150 self-advocacy, group advocacy, budget advocacy, 202 00:09:36.150 --> 00:09:39.930 media advocacy, peer advocacy, citizen advocacy, 203 00:09:39.930 --> 00:09:41.580 and professional advocacy. 204 00:09:41.580 --> 00:09:43.800 We are going to be going over all of these throughout 205 00:09:43.800 --> 00:09:46.533 the next semester. 206 00:09:48.090 --> 00:09:50.160 And you may be asking yourself 207 00:09:50.160 --> 00:09:52.560 does advocacy work really make a difference? 208 00:09:52.560 --> 00:09:56.670 Will my passion for dismantling X barrier 209 00:09:56.670 --> 00:09:59.310 or this inequality actually make a difference? 210 00:09:59.310 --> 00:10:01.290 And that is absolutely true. 211 00:10:01.290 --> 00:10:04.020 Without advocacy, we would not have seatbelt laws, 212 00:10:04.020 --> 00:10:07.050 we would not have helmets, we would not have, you know 213 00:10:07.050 --> 00:10:09.090 safety limits or speed limits 214 00:10:09.090 --> 00:10:11.310 or even any policies you can think of 215 00:10:11.310 --> 00:10:13.863 about promoting health and preventing disease. 216 00:10:15.180 --> 00:10:19.950 And we don't always need a campaign to effectively advocate. 217 00:10:19.950 --> 00:10:23.880 We can advocate every day for changes in our community 218 00:10:23.880 --> 00:10:26.280 without an effective campaign 219 00:10:26.280 --> 00:10:29.640 and we should really work to use our skills 220 00:10:29.640 --> 00:10:32.430 and our platform to make the changes we want to see. 221 00:10:32.430 --> 00:10:36.900 We are all, or primarily most of us are enrolled in school 222 00:10:36.900 --> 00:10:38.550 and probably in public health 223 00:10:38.550 --> 00:10:40.710 and we are working to make a difference. 224 00:10:40.710 --> 00:10:44.280 But I want everyone to consider their unique backgrounds, 225 00:10:44.280 --> 00:10:46.740 skills, interests, and what really drives you 226 00:10:46.740 --> 00:10:48.810 as this is going to be a very powerful tool 227 00:10:48.810 --> 00:10:50.430 in advocacy work. 228 00:10:50.430 --> 00:10:53.400 And lastly, advocacy work is hugely 229 00:10:53.400 --> 00:10:55.440 a multidisciplinary field. 230 00:10:55.440 --> 00:10:57.930 It is so important to continue to network 231 00:10:57.930 --> 00:11:01.050 and branch out to other different perspectives 232 00:11:01.050 --> 00:11:04.323 in order to have a well-rounded advocacy campaign. 233 00:11:06.030 --> 00:11:07.830 Lastly, we are going to quickly go 234 00:11:07.830 --> 00:11:10.380 over the Iton-Witt health equity framework, 235 00:11:10.380 --> 00:11:13.650 which is showing that upstream inequities 236 00:11:13.650 --> 00:11:16.080 are causing downstream disparities. 237 00:11:16.080 --> 00:11:19.380 We see that there is a both a community and medical side 238 00:11:19.380 --> 00:11:20.790 to this. 239 00:11:20.790 --> 00:11:24.660 We are going to be going over this in detail next module 240 00:11:24.660 --> 00:11:27.690 as we will be doing an assignment that works to fill out 241 00:11:27.690 --> 00:11:29.673 the Iton-Witt Health framework. 242 00:11:31.770 --> 00:11:32.880 Just quickly going over it 243 00:11:32.880 --> 00:11:34.860 we see that discriminatory narrative. 244 00:11:34.860 --> 00:11:39.860 So you know, for example racism can lead to disparities 245 00:11:41.250 --> 00:11:42.930 in institutional policies. 246 00:11:42.930 --> 00:11:46.080 We know that through government, we see that 247 00:11:46.080 --> 00:11:50.100 in private associations including home owning, redlining 248 00:11:50.100 --> 00:11:53.383 et cetera, that can lead to social inequity. 249 00:11:53.383 --> 00:11:57.240 So again, residential segregation, neighborhood conditions 250 00:11:57.240 --> 00:11:58.950 and this all is in our community 251 00:11:58.950 --> 00:12:02.490 and that can lead to medical downstream effects. 252 00:12:02.490 --> 00:12:05.122 So this can lead to increased risk 253 00:12:05.122 --> 00:12:08.670 of different negative health outcomes such as stress 254 00:12:08.670 --> 00:12:12.540 or violence, or issues with food accessibility 255 00:12:12.540 --> 00:12:15.690 and obesity, physical activity, which then can lead 256 00:12:15.690 --> 00:12:18.300 to disease and injury, 257 00:12:18.300 --> 00:12:21.450 ultimately leading to premature death. 258 00:12:21.450 --> 00:12:23.940 When we develop advocacy campaigns 259 00:12:23.940 --> 00:12:27.420 we want to address these arrows. 260 00:12:27.420 --> 00:12:30.630 The arrows in which one is leading to the other 261 00:12:30.630 --> 00:12:32.610 and having a domino effect. 262 00:12:32.610 --> 00:12:34.980 We wanna be able to end it here, 263 00:12:34.980 --> 00:12:38.190 so the rest of these negative health outcomes don't happen. 264 00:12:38.190 --> 00:12:39.780 That's the goal of public health. 265 00:12:39.780 --> 00:12:42.030 We want to prevent disease and promote health 266 00:12:42.030 --> 00:12:44.760 and through advocacy work and effective campaigning 267 00:12:44.760 --> 00:12:47.520 we can justify that there is a problem upstream 268 00:12:47.520 --> 00:12:49.683 that is leading to downstream effects. 269 00:12:51.240 --> 00:12:53.910 Lastly, here is our course text reference. 270 00:12:53.910 --> 00:12:55.660 I will see you in the next lecture.