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- All right.

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So welcome to another episode

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of our Maple Webinar Series.

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And this is an ongoing series.

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We did quite a few in 2020,

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and this is our 2021 series.

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Tonight, I'm gonna be talking about

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Sugarbush Inventory Methods.

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And the funding for this work

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and in this whole series

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is through USDA AMS

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Acer Development Grant.

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So we thank them for their support.

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Like I said, we have
more webinars to come.

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Tonight, we're talking about

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sugarbush Inventory.

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In two weeks, we have Chris Lindgren

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talking about sap-only enterprises,

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if you're really focusing in

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on the sap production

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and less on the syrup production

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aspect of maple.

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Then we get into some binding contracts

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and legal Agreements.

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On October 13th, we have Tony D'Amato

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talking about maple forests and carbon,

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forest carbon,

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which is an interesting topic.

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And then we have forest land taxes

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and tax abatement programs

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at the end of October.

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And we're probably

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gonna be adding some more dates

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that has not been firmed up yet,

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but a good slew of topics to come.

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So assuming there's no other issues

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or people have any problems technically,

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please just put those in the chat,

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and we will get right to it.

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Otherwise, we're gonna get started.

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Like all good presentations,

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gotta start with a little
bit of a background

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or introduction.

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So the question is what is an inventory?

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And this is not unique to forestry,

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but in the context of this presentation,

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it's a way of measuring and recording

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something of interest.

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We're talking about taps primarily,

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although we'll be talking

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about maple trees in general.

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But you could easily have an inventory

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of all the wetlands on your property,

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or you could have an inventory

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of all the interesting archeological sites

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in or around your area.

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You could have an inventory
of all the culverts.

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That's just a systematic way of measuring

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something of interest.

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Taking stock of what you have currently

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is really important

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for planning future activity.

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So it's really important
to have good ideas

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and data on what you have.

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And that's really the only way

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to go forward with a good plan.

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Probably not a surprise to hear that

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an inventory often involves

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some sort of estimation.

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In other words, we're
taking a small sample

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and trying to use that data

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to represent the larger property

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or the larger region

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or whatever you're inventorying.

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Time and money,

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there's just no way you
can measure everything

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once you get beyond a certain scale.

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Along those lines, time and money,

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you can certainly do

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what we're talking about tonight

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do it yourself,

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do a little DIY inventory.

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You could also hire a
professional forester.

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And much like

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putting the siding on a house

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or doing some concrete work,

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you could probably do it yourself.

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Sometimes it might take more time

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and more money than you thought

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and hiring a professional

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is often well worth the money.

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So consider a professional forester

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who's trained in this type of work.

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Why you would do it,

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we've already talked about

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a few of the reasons why.

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Another way is just a basic engagement

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with your property.

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If you're accustomed

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to really just walking around

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a certain part of your property,

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doing a systematic sample

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of your entire property

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allows you to see

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your property from a
different perspective,

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it allows you to engage differently

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with your whole parcel.

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From a business side,

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having a good inventory

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of what you have for tappable trees

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is really important for estimating

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tubing installation costs.

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It's also important,

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if you're looking at a potential property,

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say you have excess
capacity in the sugar house

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and you're interested in

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a new property to lease or to buy.

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You wanna have a good
idea of what you have

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for tappable trees there

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to get quotes on materials

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from tubing manufacturers.

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If you're hiring a tubing installer,

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you really wanna have
a good, accurate number

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of what that's gonna be.

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I've heard certainly plenty of stories

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of people saying,

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"Ah, I think I've got
about a thousand taps

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maybe in these woods,"

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when they actually get

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into the business of going out there

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and starting to lay things out,

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sometimes it's 2,000,

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sometimes it's more.

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There's time and expense
associated with that.

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Sometimes pricing is better if you

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hit certain thresholds

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so keep in mind that

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beyond just knowing
how many taps you have,

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it's important in terms

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of cost of installation of tubing.

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It's also important to understand

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the general health of trees,

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what you have for regeneration,

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and, really, what the general

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average diameters are in your woods.

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So we'll talk a little bit
about why that's important.

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The health and regeneration,

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typically, if you were
just trying to figure out

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how many taps you had,

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you may not record that.

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A forester may use that

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in terms of a larger forest inventory.

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It really depends on what your goals are

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and what kind of information

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you're looking to collect.

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The simplest would be
just a simple tap count.

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How many trees are there

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that are of tappable size right now

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compared to maybe a more complete

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or intense inventory

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that would involve not
just tappable trees,

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but site quality, soils,

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and lots of other aspects.

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It's also important to know,

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what's the state of the forest?

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Are you a very young stand

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that's really just becoming

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a small pole size.

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Is it intermediate?

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Is it more of the old growth?

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Has it had very little
management over time?

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Was there a large harvest recently?

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All these things can be important

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as you're planning a future tubing system

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or expanding an existing one.

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So again, this would be

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issues that would come up

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if you were hiring a forester

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to do a full forest inventory,

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or if you were looking to do it yourself,

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information you'd wanna record

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as you're going through

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checking on the number of taps you had.

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You'd also wanna be
including something about

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what's the structure,

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the age of the stands you're in.

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And why does tree size matter?

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Well, we know from previous research,

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not just at UVM but elsewhere,

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that the size of the tree really matters

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in terms of how much sap you get.

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And that's a fairly linear,

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although it's not perfectly
linear, relationship.

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Larger trees will produce more sap.

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And I've also talked with sugar makers who

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at first estimated they
had say 10,000 taps,

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but when you actually went out

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and looked at the inventory data

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and looked at the trees they were tapping,

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the abundance of small trees being tapped

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really meant that they were overestimating

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how much they could get.

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And this can have a real impact

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if you're working with a lender

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to get money to do this layout

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and your yields are based on

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a certain amount of sap
production per year,

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if you're calling every tap,

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estimating it's gonna
have a certain yield,

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if some of those taps

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or a good proportion of those taps

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are in small trees,

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you are probably never
gonna hit that estimate.

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And within the forest,

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not all stands are the same.

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Some stands have a higher
proportion of small trees,

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and some of them are

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it's a little bit heavier to larger trees.

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So knowing that distribution of diameters

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is really important.

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And this is a classic inventory technique

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that is used in forestry.

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If you're growing trees

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for timber production,

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foresters need to know
what diameter classes

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have how many trees.

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So this is really helpful

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in terms of yield as well.

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We are currently working

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on an online calculator

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that would allow you to enter

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some of this data by diameter

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and you'd get some estimate

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based on how many 10-inch trees

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versus how many 20-inch trees, and so on,

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how much sap you could

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realistically expect to produce.

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Another interesting
difference in inventory

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is the distinction
between plots and points.

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And we're gonna spend a lot of time

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a little bit later on in this talk

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teasing out the differences

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between plots and points.

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But the important thing to remember is

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the number of sampling places,

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be they plots or points,

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is really gonna depend a lot of time

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on how variable those stands are.

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If you have a perfect uniform stand,

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they're all the same size,

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you really don't need

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to take as many points or plots

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as you would if there's
a lot of variability

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between different stands.

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So we'll talk about that a little bit.

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If you were to establish permanent plots,

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that can also help you in terms of

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understanding if any forest
management activities

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you are doing

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are having the desired effect.

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Forest management plans often will

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suggest a certain amount
of management over time

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that might involve vegetation management,

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removing trees, thinning.

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If you have permanent plots,

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it's a good way of knowing if those

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prescriptions are having
the desired effect.

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So one sort of rule of thumb

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is looking for an inch of diameter growth

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in 10 years.

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That's good growth.

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It's not fantastic growth,

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but it's a good thing to shoot for.

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And it's also important to know

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how many small trees,

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trees that are too small to be tapped,

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are sort of in the pipeline.

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How many are gonna be available to tap

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in maybe the next round of retubing.

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So if you replace your laterals

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on a 15-year interval

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and you have some trees

283
00:10:44,080 --> 00:10:46,040
that are in that small seven-inch,

284
00:10:46,040 --> 00:10:48,160
eight-inch size class,

285
00:10:48,160 --> 00:10:49,640
if you know that they're coming,

286
00:10:49,640 --> 00:10:51,640
it might be a good way or a good tool

287
00:10:51,640 --> 00:10:54,830
for deciding when you're
gonna retube an area.

288
00:10:54,830 --> 00:10:57,040
Also understanding the density of taps

289
00:10:57,040 --> 00:10:59,260
in certain parts of your property.

290
00:10:59,260 --> 00:11:00,900
It might identify areas where it's

291
00:11:00,900 --> 00:11:03,600
really just not worth it to put in

292
00:11:03,600 --> 00:11:04,960
a conductor system

293
00:11:04,960 --> 00:11:08,070
or even just a main line and laterals

294
00:11:08,070 --> 00:11:11,620
because the tap density
just aren't worthwhile.

295
00:11:11,620 --> 00:11:13,460
So on the right here, you see a map,

296
00:11:13,460 --> 00:11:15,090
just kind of a heat map in a way.

297
00:11:15,090 --> 00:11:19,920
This was produced by a company that was

298
00:11:19,920 --> 00:11:23,530
marketing a large property.

299
00:11:23,530 --> 00:11:25,930
This property was 2300 acres.

300
00:11:25,930 --> 00:11:29,210
They divided it up into four stands.

301
00:11:29,210 --> 00:11:31,270
And over those four stands,

302
00:11:31,270 --> 00:11:34,090
they took 425 inventory plots.

303
00:11:34,090 --> 00:11:35,380
So quite a few plots

304
00:11:35,380 --> 00:11:37,800
that would have taken a while to do.

305
00:11:37,800 --> 00:11:42,060
That averages out to be
about 5 1/2 acres per plot.

306
00:11:42,060 --> 00:11:43,360
And we'll talk a little bit about

307
00:11:43,360 --> 00:11:44,730
why you may or may not

308
00:11:44,730 --> 00:11:49,210
wanna have that many acres per plot.

309
00:11:49,210 --> 00:11:50,340
Another interesting thing

310
00:11:50,340 --> 00:11:51,810
or something to keep in mind

311
00:11:51,810 --> 00:11:56,020
when you're measuring the taps is if,

312
00:11:56,020 --> 00:11:58,260
some trees have significant defects.

313
00:11:58,260 --> 00:12:00,780
Here's a drawing and an illustration

314
00:12:00,780 --> 00:12:01,980
done by George Buzzell

315
00:12:01,980 --> 00:12:04,130
who was a county forester in Vermont.

316
00:12:04,130 --> 00:12:06,830
And he really wanted to
get people's attention

317
00:12:06,830 --> 00:12:09,250
thinking about not just a tree as a tap,

318
00:12:09,250 --> 00:12:11,800
but as almost a tapping shell.

319
00:12:11,800 --> 00:12:14,430
So there's conductive tissue there.

320
00:12:14,430 --> 00:12:16,530
If part of that conductive tissue,

321
00:12:16,530 --> 00:12:17,960
a significant part,

322
00:12:17,960 --> 00:12:21,020
is damaged in some way or unusable,

323
00:12:21,020 --> 00:12:23,050
you really wanna reduce

324
00:12:23,050 --> 00:12:25,320
what the sort of functional DBH

325
00:12:25,320 --> 00:12:27,950
or diameter of that tree is.

326
00:12:27,950 --> 00:12:29,580
So this is the kind of detail

327
00:12:29,580 --> 00:12:30,760
that could be included

328
00:12:30,760 --> 00:12:32,630
if you have a large proportion of trees

329
00:12:32,630 --> 00:12:34,970
that have significant decay

330
00:12:34,970 --> 00:12:36,050
or they're damaged,

331
00:12:36,050 --> 00:12:37,730
that would also reduce

332
00:12:37,730 --> 00:12:39,460
the sort of the functional

333
00:12:39,460 --> 00:12:41,570
of the actual number of taps

334
00:12:41,570 --> 00:12:44,423
or the size of those
trees that you would tap.

335
00:12:46,310 --> 00:12:48,760
Just another example, a sugar maple borer

336
00:12:48,760 --> 00:12:50,620
is something that could take

337
00:12:50,620 --> 00:12:54,220
a significant part of the
tree's conductive tissue

338
00:12:54,220 --> 00:12:55,430
sort of off the table.

339
00:12:55,430 --> 00:12:58,070
So if you had a stand perhaps

340
00:12:58,070 --> 00:13:00,100
that had a really significant outbreak

341
00:13:00,100 --> 00:13:01,540
of something like sugar maple borer

342
00:13:01,540 --> 00:13:02,850
or something else that

343
00:13:02,850 --> 00:13:05,400
impacted the conductive tissue,

344
00:13:05,400 --> 00:13:07,080
you'd wanna be able to

345
00:13:08,500 --> 00:13:10,310
capture some of that information

346
00:13:10,310 --> 00:13:11,513
in your inventory.

347
00:13:12,350 --> 00:13:14,060
Another interesting reason

348
00:13:14,060 --> 00:13:15,750
why you would wanna do an inventory

349
00:13:15,750 --> 00:13:19,020
is to see where the
tubing system would be.

350
00:13:19,020 --> 00:13:21,940
Going back to that
slide with the heat map,

351
00:13:21,940 --> 00:13:24,240
some areas have more dense

352
00:13:24,240 --> 00:13:25,780
collection of tappable trees

353
00:13:25,780 --> 00:13:27,730
so you might,

354
00:13:27,730 --> 00:13:29,560
if there obvious patterns

355
00:13:29,560 --> 00:13:31,000
to where those trees are,

356
00:13:31,000 --> 00:13:31,980
that's gonna influence

357
00:13:31,980 --> 00:13:34,130
where you're gonna put
your conductor systems

358
00:13:34,130 --> 00:13:36,860
where you're gonna put your main lines.

359
00:13:36,860 --> 00:13:39,620
This process will also allow you

360
00:13:39,620 --> 00:13:40,680
to get a better idea

361
00:13:40,680 --> 00:13:42,760
of what the road system is.

362
00:13:42,760 --> 00:13:44,350
There might be some legacy roads

363
00:13:44,350 --> 00:13:46,880
that were put in a long time ago,

364
00:13:46,880 --> 00:13:49,820
even before your ownership perhaps.

365
00:13:49,820 --> 00:13:51,560
Legacy roads often get a bad rap

366
00:13:51,560 --> 00:13:54,390
because they weren't necessarily put in

367
00:13:54,390 --> 00:13:55,750
with water quality

368
00:13:55,750 --> 00:13:58,410
and long-term use in mind.

369
00:13:58,410 --> 00:14:01,200
So if it's an old skid road that

370
00:14:01,200 --> 00:14:04,610
essentially just went right down the slope

371
00:14:04,610 --> 00:14:07,870
and has perpetual issues with erosion,

372
00:14:07,870 --> 00:14:09,220
those are the kind of roads

373
00:14:10,080 --> 00:14:11,110
that could be improved,

374
00:14:11,110 --> 00:14:13,860
or really even just put
to bed and abandoned

375
00:14:13,860 --> 00:14:17,660
and in exchange for something that maybe

376
00:14:17,660 --> 00:14:19,390
is easier to travel on,

377
00:14:19,390 --> 00:14:21,100
less prone to erosion.

378
00:14:21,100 --> 00:14:22,280
All these things will come up

379
00:14:22,280 --> 00:14:23,780
when you're doing an inventory

380
00:14:25,510 --> 00:14:27,960
and checking the entire property.

381
00:14:27,960 --> 00:14:29,760
And in case my abstract drawing,

382
00:14:29,760 --> 00:14:32,080
is throwing you off a little bit.

383
00:14:32,080 --> 00:14:34,060
This sort of polygon,

384
00:14:34,060 --> 00:14:36,850
is meant to illustrate,

385
00:14:36,850 --> 00:14:38,830
just a generic forested property

386
00:14:38,830 --> 00:14:42,010
and hopefully those green puffy things

387
00:14:42,010 --> 00:14:43,870
you can identify as trees

388
00:14:43,870 --> 00:14:46,700
and the blue squiggly lines would be

389
00:14:46,700 --> 00:14:50,050
theoretically where a
main line might be set up.

390
00:14:50,050 --> 00:14:51,180
When you are collecting

391
00:14:51,180 --> 00:14:52,970
this data based on stands,

392
00:14:52,970 --> 00:14:54,730
you're gonna find a very

393
00:14:54,730 --> 00:14:57,050
variable amount of taps per acre,

394
00:14:57,050 --> 00:14:59,430
and there are pros and cons.

395
00:14:59,430 --> 00:15:00,390
Of course,

396
00:15:00,390 --> 00:15:01,930
a lot of folks might think that

397
00:15:01,930 --> 00:15:03,730
the highest number of taps per acre

398
00:15:03,730 --> 00:15:05,220
is always the goal.

399
00:15:05,220 --> 00:15:06,880
But the issue with that is that

400
00:15:07,800 --> 00:15:08,830
trees are plants,

401
00:15:08,830 --> 00:15:10,970
and they're limited by sunlight,

402
00:15:10,970 --> 00:15:12,600
water and nutrients,

403
00:15:12,600 --> 00:15:16,050
but sunlight is a huge limiting factor.

404
00:15:16,050 --> 00:15:20,240
So when you have too
many trees in one area,

405
00:15:20,240 --> 00:15:22,230
they're not optimizing their growth.

406
00:15:22,230 --> 00:15:26,980
And so you would potentially
run out of tappable wood.

407
00:15:26,980 --> 00:15:29,170
You are stunting the growth

408
00:15:29,170 --> 00:15:32,690
and we know from previous research

409
00:15:32,690 --> 00:15:35,270
that smaller trees
typically will have less sap

410
00:15:36,220 --> 00:15:37,860
on a per year basis.

411
00:15:37,860 --> 00:15:40,590
So remember that it's not just maximizing

412
00:15:40,590 --> 00:15:41,880
the number of taps per acre,

413
00:15:41,880 --> 00:15:44,170
it's maximizing the yield per acre

414
00:15:44,170 --> 00:15:46,683
and also the growth over the long term.

415
00:15:48,260 --> 00:15:49,520
There's a huge range.

416
00:15:49,520 --> 00:15:51,403
You can have sugarbush stands

417
00:15:51,403 --> 00:15:54,700
that have less than 20 taps per acre.

418
00:15:54,700 --> 00:15:56,840
You can have that have more than a hundred

419
00:15:56,840 --> 00:15:58,610
and everything in between.

420
00:15:58,610 --> 00:15:59,850
Generally speaking,

421
00:15:59,850 --> 00:16:02,420
50 taps per acre is considered good.

422
00:16:02,420 --> 00:16:05,150
If you drop below that 20 per acre,

423
00:16:05,150 --> 00:16:08,143
it's really kind of considered not ideal.

424
00:16:09,030 --> 00:16:11,370
It's not enough sap production

425
00:16:12,930 --> 00:16:14,640
given that growing space.

426
00:16:14,640 --> 00:16:16,220
So it could be that it's

427
00:16:16,220 --> 00:16:18,290
not an ideal maple site.

428
00:16:18,290 --> 00:16:21,360
It could be that past
management has removed,

429
00:16:21,360 --> 00:16:22,410
the tappable trees.

430
00:16:22,410 --> 00:16:25,490
And it's really in a regrowth phase.

431
00:16:25,490 --> 00:16:27,390
There's a lot of reasons
why you might not get

432
00:16:27,390 --> 00:16:29,170
too many taps per acre.

433
00:16:29,170 --> 00:16:31,177
The old model for sugarbush management,

434
00:16:31,177 --> 00:16:34,260
the really, really large decadent,

435
00:16:34,260 --> 00:16:36,230
large crown, widely spaced,

436
00:16:36,230 --> 00:16:38,123
almost open grown trees.

437
00:16:39,110 --> 00:16:42,230
There are still sugar
bushes that fit that model.

438
00:16:42,230 --> 00:16:44,370
It really was more of a function

439
00:16:44,370 --> 00:16:46,830
of how sap was collected,

440
00:16:46,830 --> 00:16:48,610
gravity collection buckets,

441
00:16:48,610 --> 00:16:50,320
eating access to the understory

442
00:16:50,320 --> 00:16:52,023
for sap collection.

443
00:16:52,890 --> 00:16:54,140
Big trees, big crowns

444
00:16:54,140 --> 00:16:55,630
definitely produced more sap

445
00:16:55,630 --> 00:16:57,660
and generally sweeter sap,

446
00:16:57,660 --> 00:17:00,070
but it probably does not maximize

447
00:17:00,070 --> 00:17:01,660
your yield per acre

448
00:17:01,660 --> 00:17:03,900
to have that as your goal.

449
00:17:03,900 --> 00:17:04,733
The other issue

450
00:17:04,733 --> 00:17:07,230
with such few number of trees per acre

451
00:17:07,230 --> 00:17:09,870
is the replacement,

452
00:17:09,870 --> 00:17:11,820
the lack of regeneration

453
00:17:11,820 --> 00:17:15,670
or lack of ingrowth of small trees.

454
00:17:15,670 --> 00:17:17,520
So that's something to also consider.

455
00:17:18,360 --> 00:17:20,400
Of course, mapping is really important.

456
00:17:20,400 --> 00:17:21,807
Whenever you're doing
any sort of inventory,

457
00:17:21,807 --> 00:17:24,620
you wanna make sure that you know,

458
00:17:24,620 --> 00:17:26,810
the property that you are using

459
00:17:26,810 --> 00:17:28,270
either it's your ownership

460
00:17:28,270 --> 00:17:32,750
or it's the property that you're leasing.

461
00:17:32,750 --> 00:17:34,340
It seems kind of simple to say,

462
00:17:34,340 --> 00:17:36,410
but you really do wanna make sure

463
00:17:36,410 --> 00:17:38,503
that the property boundaries are known.

464
00:17:39,450 --> 00:17:41,030
Here's just a quick screenshot

465
00:17:41,030 --> 00:17:43,070
of some parcel data,

466
00:17:43,070 --> 00:17:45,170
also known as the tax map data.

467
00:17:45,170 --> 00:17:46,700
These are not surveys,

468
00:17:46,700 --> 00:17:48,400
so they don't represent

469
00:17:48,400 --> 00:17:50,380
a careful survey of the property

470
00:17:50,380 --> 00:17:51,220
they give you an idea

471
00:17:51,220 --> 00:17:54,080
of the general shape of a property.

472
00:17:54,080 --> 00:17:55,730
And there's a lot of great information.

473
00:17:55,730 --> 00:17:57,510
Seems like every year,
there's more and more

474
00:17:57,510 --> 00:17:59,980
free mapping information out there,

475
00:17:59,980 --> 00:18:01,660
free GPS tools.

476
00:18:01,660 --> 00:18:03,720
Our phones are as powerful

477
00:18:03,720 --> 00:18:06,960
as really any GPS you could really need

478
00:18:06,960 --> 00:18:08,600
for this type of work.

479
00:18:08,600 --> 00:18:11,180
So we can't go into all the detail

480
00:18:11,180 --> 00:18:12,300
about what's available,

481
00:18:12,300 --> 00:18:13,730
but just know that

482
00:18:13,730 --> 00:18:15,960
everything from Google maps to Avenza,

483
00:18:15,960 --> 00:18:17,810
which is helpful because it's offline,

484
00:18:17,810 --> 00:18:19,020
you could download the maps

485
00:18:19,020 --> 00:18:20,793
and use your phone's GPS.

486
00:18:22,800 --> 00:18:24,020
A lot of towns have

487
00:18:24,020 --> 00:18:26,270
this municipal parcel data available.

488
00:18:26,270 --> 00:18:28,240
And it can be helpful.

489
00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:29,223
You can zoom in,

490
00:18:30,590 --> 00:18:31,750
although I don't know if anyone

491
00:18:31,750 --> 00:18:32,940
would recognize the shape,

492
00:18:32,940 --> 00:18:34,690
but this is the Proctor Maple

493
00:18:34,690 --> 00:18:36,920
Research Center property

494
00:18:36,920 --> 00:18:38,560
that I've zoomed into.

495
00:18:38,560 --> 00:18:40,090
And you can zoom in even more.

496
00:18:40,090 --> 00:18:41,710
That's the lab on the right

497
00:18:41,710 --> 00:18:44,370
and the sugar house on the left,

498
00:18:44,370 --> 00:18:45,990
and this is all free.

499
00:18:45,990 --> 00:18:47,120
This is something,

500
00:18:47,120 --> 00:18:49,400
you can play around with at home,

501
00:18:49,400 --> 00:18:50,810
and get a sense of

502
00:18:50,810 --> 00:18:52,060
if it's not your property,

503
00:18:52,060 --> 00:18:55,230
if it's a property you're
thinking about leasing,

504
00:18:55,230 --> 00:18:57,220
get a better sense of where the roads are,

505
00:18:57,220 --> 00:18:58,410
where things are at,

506
00:18:58,410 --> 00:19:01,570
is this really gonna be worth my time

507
00:19:01,570 --> 00:19:04,613
before you even invest
in doing an inventory.

508
00:19:06,250 --> 00:19:09,820
So let's just assume
that you have a property,

509
00:19:09,820 --> 00:19:11,477
a sugarbush,

510
00:19:11,477 --> 00:19:12,870
and you wanna do some inventory.

511
00:19:12,870 --> 00:19:15,240
So you have some choices to make.

512
00:19:15,240 --> 00:19:16,150
First of all,

513
00:19:16,150 --> 00:19:18,440
the sugarbush is part
of a forested property

514
00:19:18,440 --> 00:19:20,720
so there are gonna be trees involved.

515
00:19:20,720 --> 00:19:23,350
It's either gonna be
owned by the operator,

516
00:19:23,350 --> 00:19:24,410
or you're gonna lease it

517
00:19:24,410 --> 00:19:27,023
and have an agreement with the landowner.

518
00:19:27,930 --> 00:19:29,090
I will put a plugin

519
00:19:29,090 --> 00:19:33,470
for our sugarbush lease
guide and a checklist

520
00:19:33,470 --> 00:19:37,020
that can work through the
process of developing,

521
00:19:37,020 --> 00:19:38,840
a sugarbush lease,

522
00:19:38,840 --> 00:19:40,510
negotiating a price.

523
00:19:40,510 --> 00:19:42,050
All that information

524
00:19:42,050 --> 00:19:45,480
is available on maplemanager.org.

525
00:19:45,480 --> 00:19:46,710
We've worked with attorneys

526
00:19:46,710 --> 00:19:49,970
so it's a good solid document to use

527
00:19:49,970 --> 00:19:52,870
when you're negotiating with a landowner,

528
00:19:52,870 --> 00:19:54,480
if you're gonna be leasing.

529
00:19:54,480 --> 00:19:55,710
A lot of sugarbushes

530
00:19:55,710 --> 00:19:57,130
are leased on a handshake

531
00:19:58,005 --> 00:19:59,130
and that's great.

532
00:19:59,130 --> 00:20:01,730
There's a tremendous tradition of that.

533
00:20:01,730 --> 00:20:03,980
Unfortunately, they don't always work out

534
00:20:03,980 --> 00:20:06,510
and for the protection of the land owner

535
00:20:06,510 --> 00:20:07,640
and the operator

536
00:20:07,640 --> 00:20:09,700
and all the investments there,

537
00:20:09,700 --> 00:20:11,830
it's a good idea to have
something in writing.

538
00:20:11,830 --> 00:20:15,480
So consider looking at those resources

539
00:20:15,480 --> 00:20:18,170
on maplemanager.org.

540
00:20:18,170 --> 00:20:21,160
Larger properties will often be enrolled

541
00:20:21,160 --> 00:20:23,210
in some sort of tax abatement program.

542
00:20:23,210 --> 00:20:25,590
In Vermont it's the Use Value Appraisal

543
00:20:25,590 --> 00:20:27,330
or Current Use program.

544
00:20:27,330 --> 00:20:29,670
Other states have similar programs.

545
00:20:29,670 --> 00:20:30,870
A lot of times,

546
00:20:30,870 --> 00:20:32,430
part of the requirement

547
00:20:32,430 --> 00:20:34,270
is that there's active management

548
00:20:34,270 --> 00:20:38,210
that's based on a forest management plan

549
00:20:38,210 --> 00:20:40,410
that a professional forester has written,

550
00:20:40,410 --> 00:20:42,210
or at least signed off on.

551
00:20:42,210 --> 00:20:45,070
So if that property is yours,

552
00:20:45,070 --> 00:20:46,840
you already have a forest management plan.

553
00:20:46,840 --> 00:20:48,270
You often will probably already

554
00:20:48,270 --> 00:20:50,410
have this information about the property

555
00:20:50,410 --> 00:20:51,810
and the stands.

556
00:20:51,810 --> 00:20:53,430
And in case you don't,

557
00:20:53,430 --> 00:20:54,263
you wanna make sure you know,

558
00:20:54,263 --> 00:20:55,883
what the property boundary is.

559
00:20:57,601 --> 00:20:58,710
If there's some evidence,

560
00:20:58,710 --> 00:21:01,320
but it hasn't been painted recently

561
00:21:01,320 --> 00:21:03,340
in the property boundary,

562
00:21:03,340 --> 00:21:05,240
make sure you know the rules in your state

563
00:21:05,240 --> 00:21:07,020
about who can and who cannot

564
00:21:07,020 --> 00:21:09,680
refresh paint blazes.

565
00:21:09,680 --> 00:21:12,010
In some states, foresters can do it

566
00:21:12,010 --> 00:21:13,930
and other states, they can't,

567
00:21:13,930 --> 00:21:17,460
it has to be done by a
professional surveyor.

568
00:21:17,460 --> 00:21:20,240
So you really wanna make sure you know,

569
00:21:20,240 --> 00:21:21,880
what the property extent is

570
00:21:21,880 --> 00:21:24,640
before you start measuring trees

571
00:21:24,640 --> 00:21:26,533
for potentially tapping.

572
00:21:27,450 --> 00:21:28,880
The other important thing to do

573
00:21:28,880 --> 00:21:31,320
is to break the property up into stands.

574
00:21:31,320 --> 00:21:33,280
And stands are really just areas

575
00:21:33,280 --> 00:21:35,870
of similar distribution of trees.

576
00:21:35,870 --> 00:21:37,610
So you might have a stand,

577
00:21:37,610 --> 00:21:40,350
like say that has mostly small trees.

578
00:21:40,350 --> 00:21:43,180
Maybe it was most recently a farm field

579
00:21:43,180 --> 00:21:47,010
and has been abandoned some time ago,

580
00:21:47,010 --> 00:21:48,890
trees stopped being mowed,

581
00:21:48,890 --> 00:21:50,360
trees grew in,

582
00:21:50,360 --> 00:21:52,080
and it's progressing towards

583
00:21:53,119 --> 00:21:54,120
a later successional

584
00:21:54,120 --> 00:21:57,730
or shade tolerant type species.

585
00:21:57,730 --> 00:21:59,250
You might have another stand

586
00:21:59,250 --> 00:22:01,920
that has been in forestry for a long time.

587
00:22:01,920 --> 00:22:03,130
It's really, well-managed,

588
00:22:03,130 --> 00:22:05,860
it's really been maximizing the growth.

589
00:22:05,860 --> 00:22:07,930
Those two stands are gonna
look quite different,

590
00:22:07,930 --> 00:22:11,790
and it's often a good strategy

591
00:22:11,790 --> 00:22:14,600
to divide those into different parcels

592
00:22:14,600 --> 00:22:17,290
so you can understand what's there

593
00:22:17,290 --> 00:22:19,833
and manage them accordingly.

594
00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:22,170
There's no set rule

595
00:22:22,170 --> 00:22:24,010
for how many acres you would have

596
00:22:24,010 --> 00:22:25,690
to make a stand.

597
00:22:25,690 --> 00:22:29,260
It's probably on the
order of several acres

598
00:22:29,260 --> 00:22:31,570
there'll be a minimum for a stand.

599
00:22:31,570 --> 00:22:33,960
You wouldn't wanna have
a stand that's one acre.

600
00:22:33,960 --> 00:22:36,470
Maybe 10 acres, maybe 20.

601
00:22:36,470 --> 00:22:38,950
It really depends on the
larger size of the property.

602
00:22:38,950 --> 00:22:42,000
And then how much variability there is,

603
00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:46,190
how many different types
of features are there

604
00:22:46,190 --> 00:22:49,050
and what the characteristics

605
00:22:49,050 --> 00:22:50,540
of the trees are in the stand.

606
00:22:50,540 --> 00:22:54,320
So that 2300 acre property

607
00:22:54,320 --> 00:22:55,700
I showed you earlier,

608
00:22:55,700 --> 00:22:57,600
I think that had four stands.

609
00:22:57,600 --> 00:22:59,600
So that gives you a sense of,

610
00:22:59,600 --> 00:23:01,490
you don't have to have a million stands

611
00:23:01,490 --> 00:23:03,990
just because it's a really large property.

612
00:23:03,990 --> 00:23:07,010
They can be fairly large.

613
00:23:07,010 --> 00:23:10,480
And they're generally
based on site quality,

614
00:23:10,480 --> 00:23:13,300
hydrology in some ways,

615
00:23:13,300 --> 00:23:14,610
and structure,

616
00:23:14,610 --> 00:23:17,303
it can be done on structure of the trees.

617
00:23:19,610 --> 00:23:20,650
So let's talk a little bit about

618
00:23:20,650 --> 00:23:22,720
what types of inventories you might do.

619
00:23:22,720 --> 00:23:26,490
The first off is the a
hundred percent inventory.

620
00:23:26,490 --> 00:23:28,970
That's measuring every single tree.

621
00:23:28,970 --> 00:23:30,240
And you might imagine

622
00:23:30,240 --> 00:23:31,640
this would take the longest.

623
00:23:31,640 --> 00:23:33,810
It's not the most practical.

624
00:23:33,810 --> 00:23:34,960
And definitely not practical

625
00:23:34,960 --> 00:23:36,540
when you get above a couple of acres,

626
00:23:36,540 --> 00:23:38,100
it's just gonna take too long.

627
00:23:38,100 --> 00:23:42,030
So if you're on the hobby side of things,

628
00:23:42,030 --> 00:23:44,770
I think that's certainly a possibility,

629
00:23:44,770 --> 00:23:46,450
but once you get to be

630
00:23:46,450 --> 00:23:48,720
even just a little bit larger

631
00:23:48,720 --> 00:23:50,120
it's gonna be impractical

632
00:23:50,120 --> 00:23:52,113
to measure all those trees.

633
00:23:53,830 --> 00:23:55,080
The next type of sampling

634
00:23:55,080 --> 00:23:56,510
is called plot sampling,

635
00:23:56,510 --> 00:23:58,220
and that's essentially

636
00:23:58,220 --> 00:24:01,620
envisioning a circle of a known size

637
00:24:01,620 --> 00:24:04,230
and distributing those circles

638
00:24:04,230 --> 00:24:07,640
across the stand and across the property

639
00:24:07,640 --> 00:24:11,010
and taking a measurement

640
00:24:11,010 --> 00:24:12,220
within that plot.

641
00:24:12,220 --> 00:24:14,380
And then multiplying by whatever

642
00:24:14,380 --> 00:24:16,030
size plot you used.

643
00:24:16,030 --> 00:24:18,250
So here I gave you three examples

644
00:24:18,250 --> 00:24:20,030
of different plot sizes.

645
00:24:20,030 --> 00:24:24,490
A fifth acre would have
a radius of 52.6 feet,

646
00:24:24,490 --> 00:24:27,717
a 10th of an acre would be 37.2 feet,

647
00:24:27,717 --> 00:24:31,660
and a 20th of an acre would be 26.4 feet.

648
00:24:31,660 --> 00:24:33,230
So you can imagine

649
00:24:33,230 --> 00:24:34,450
putting a stick in the ground,

650
00:24:34,450 --> 00:24:37,000
maybe hanging a piece of flag in there

651
00:24:37,000 --> 00:24:39,020
that would be the center of the circle.

652
00:24:39,020 --> 00:24:40,510
And then you would use a measuring tape

653
00:24:40,510 --> 00:24:41,590
or some other way

654
00:24:41,590 --> 00:24:43,660
of accurately measuring the distance

655
00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:46,970
to the 10th of a foot out

656
00:24:46,970 --> 00:24:48,150
and swinging that tape

657
00:24:48,150 --> 00:24:50,690
all the way around in a circle.

658
00:24:50,690 --> 00:24:53,050
The extent of that circle would represent

659
00:24:53,050 --> 00:24:54,653
everything you wanted to count.

660
00:24:55,520 --> 00:24:58,360
So in that case of purely a tap count,

661
00:24:58,360 --> 00:25:00,070
you would measure every tappable tree

662
00:25:00,070 --> 00:25:01,680
within that plot.

663
00:25:01,680 --> 00:25:04,210
And you would repeat that multiple times

664
00:25:04,210 --> 00:25:05,150
throughout the stand

665
00:25:05,150 --> 00:25:06,810
and throughout the property.

666
00:25:06,810 --> 00:25:09,380
And you would multiply
that by whatever factor.

667
00:25:09,380 --> 00:25:11,440
So if you took fifth acre plots,

668
00:25:11,440 --> 00:25:14,050
you'd measure every tree in that plot,

669
00:25:14,050 --> 00:25:16,340
multiply that answer by five,

670
00:25:16,340 --> 00:25:18,230
and then you would divide

671
00:25:18,230 --> 00:25:21,060
by the number of plots that you did.

672
00:25:21,060 --> 00:25:22,410
Same thing for a 10th of an acre.

673
00:25:22,410 --> 00:25:23,910
If we measured every single tree

674
00:25:23,910 --> 00:25:25,323
in that 10th acre plot,

675
00:25:26,640 --> 00:25:28,500
then we would multiply that by 10.

676
00:25:28,500 --> 00:25:32,240
And we would get an
estimate of how many trees

677
00:25:32,240 --> 00:25:33,863
or taps per acre there were.

678
00:25:35,040 --> 00:25:36,270
Plot sampling is also called

679
00:25:36,270 --> 00:25:37,830
the fixed radius plot.

680
00:25:37,830 --> 00:25:38,663
Typically,

681
00:25:38,663 --> 00:25:40,040
we'd be looking at somewhere between

682
00:25:40,040 --> 00:25:42,820
one plot for every four or five acres.

683
00:25:42,820 --> 00:25:46,030
If you sample more intensively,

684
00:25:46,030 --> 00:25:49,020
you might do three to four acres.

685
00:25:49,020 --> 00:25:50,660
It just means you're gonna be

686
00:25:50,660 --> 00:25:52,710
getting more detailed data.

687
00:25:52,710 --> 00:25:54,090
It'll take more time

688
00:25:54,090 --> 00:25:55,350
if you're paying a forester

689
00:25:55,350 --> 00:25:57,170
or someone trained to do this,

690
00:25:57,170 --> 00:25:58,940
it'll just cost more.

691
00:25:58,940 --> 00:26:02,230
But the idea being that

692
00:26:02,230 --> 00:26:05,750
the larger number of acres for each plot,

693
00:26:05,750 --> 00:26:07,500
you're gonna lose some detail,

694
00:26:07,500 --> 00:26:09,330
but you'll still have a good sense,

695
00:26:09,330 --> 00:26:12,080
of what's happening and
how many taps you have.

696
00:26:12,080 --> 00:26:13,430
It's kind of all over the place,

697
00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:15,000
as far as how much

698
00:26:15,000 --> 00:26:16,720
a forester might charge you.

699
00:26:16,720 --> 00:26:17,880
I would think,

700
00:26:17,880 --> 00:26:19,280
again, it depends on the property,

701
00:26:19,280 --> 00:26:20,780
access, all those things,

702
00:26:20,780 --> 00:26:23,200
but it might be

703
00:26:24,213 --> 00:26:27,220
$3 an acre to do plots.

704
00:26:27,220 --> 00:26:28,990
You really would have to talk

705
00:26:28,990 --> 00:26:31,010
to the individual consulting forester

706
00:26:31,010 --> 00:26:34,160
and see what they would estimate.

707
00:26:34,160 --> 00:26:35,370
And going back to the idea

708
00:26:35,370 --> 00:26:37,820
of establishment of permanent plots.

709
00:26:37,820 --> 00:26:39,340
This is another way where

710
00:26:39,340 --> 00:26:41,240
you could put these plots in.

711
00:26:41,240 --> 00:26:43,500
You could actually number those trees

712
00:26:43,500 --> 00:26:45,430
and over time you could keep going back

713
00:26:45,430 --> 00:26:46,500
to those trees

714
00:26:46,500 --> 00:26:48,810
and remeasuring their diameters,

715
00:26:48,810 --> 00:26:49,920
and you would get a sense

716
00:26:49,920 --> 00:26:52,800
of how growth rates are.

717
00:26:52,800 --> 00:26:53,760
And if you combine that

718
00:26:53,760 --> 00:26:56,410
with some of the information

719
00:26:56,410 --> 00:26:57,490
out of the Proctor Center,

720
00:26:57,490 --> 00:27:01,270
in terms of growth rates
and sustainability,

721
00:27:01,270 --> 00:27:03,160
you could get a really good sense of

722
00:27:04,810 --> 00:27:07,650
is the tapping intensity
that you're practicing

723
00:27:07,650 --> 00:27:09,550
sustainable over the longterm?

724
00:27:09,550 --> 00:27:11,550
Or are you gonna start running

725
00:27:11,550 --> 00:27:14,590
into an issue of hitting
non-conductive wood

726
00:27:14,590 --> 00:27:16,893
and losing sap production?

727
00:27:18,140 --> 00:27:20,560
Another, the third type of sampling

728
00:27:20,560 --> 00:27:22,280
would be what's called point sampling

729
00:27:22,280 --> 00:27:24,990
or variable radius sampling.

730
00:27:24,990 --> 00:27:28,550
And this is when you establish points

731
00:27:28,550 --> 00:27:31,370
similar to a plot sample,

732
00:27:31,370 --> 00:27:33,350
but instead of measuring a diameter,

733
00:27:33,350 --> 00:27:36,160
you use a tool to sample

734
00:27:36,160 --> 00:27:39,820
and trees are counted
based on their diameter

735
00:27:39,820 --> 00:27:41,270
and the distance from the point

736
00:27:41,270 --> 00:27:42,453
that you established.

737
00:27:43,660 --> 00:27:45,500
So we'll talk about the tools needed

738
00:27:45,500 --> 00:27:47,150
to do that sampling,

739
00:27:47,150 --> 00:27:48,060
but just understand that

740
00:27:48,060 --> 00:27:50,990
you're not measuring
a diameter of a circle

741
00:27:50,990 --> 00:27:52,530
in this scenario,

742
00:27:52,530 --> 00:27:54,370
you're just navigating to the points

743
00:27:54,370 --> 00:27:56,610
that you've decided to have

744
00:27:56,610 --> 00:27:58,200
for your sample points.

745
00:27:58,200 --> 00:28:00,620
You're using your tool
to measure the trees,

746
00:28:00,620 --> 00:28:02,610
to see whether or not they are

747
00:28:02,610 --> 00:28:04,340
to be counted or not.

748
00:28:04,340 --> 00:28:06,630
And you're moving on.

749
00:28:06,630 --> 00:28:09,510
It's fast, much faster than plot sampling,

750
00:28:09,510 --> 00:28:10,870
and they can be accurate

751
00:28:10,870 --> 00:28:13,470
assuming that people
use the correct tools,

752
00:28:13,470 --> 00:28:16,250
and know how to do it.

753
00:28:16,250 --> 00:28:20,650
There is some helpful
information available.

754
00:28:20,650 --> 00:28:21,840
If you want more,

755
00:28:21,840 --> 00:28:23,290
I can help you with it.

756
00:28:23,290 --> 00:28:25,440
We'll talk a little bit
about how you use the tools,

757
00:28:25,440 --> 00:28:26,910
but it is a little bit more,

758
00:28:26,910 --> 00:28:30,250
than the time allows tonight to train you,

759
00:28:30,250 --> 00:28:32,343
on how to do this type of sampling.

760
00:28:33,720 --> 00:28:34,840
What's really important

761
00:28:34,840 --> 00:28:36,500
and this is true of point sampling

762
00:28:36,500 --> 00:28:38,250
or plot sampling

763
00:28:38,250 --> 00:28:40,710
is that these places, these points

764
00:28:40,710 --> 00:28:44,630
need to be located
without bias or randomly.

765
00:28:44,630 --> 00:28:46,440
And by that, I mean,

766
00:28:46,440 --> 00:28:48,920
if you always put your points

767
00:28:48,920 --> 00:28:50,290
on that nice woods road

768
00:28:50,290 --> 00:28:51,980
that you always like to walk down,

769
00:28:51,980 --> 00:28:53,880
you're gonna get a good sample

770
00:28:53,880 --> 00:28:55,070
of what the trees are

771
00:28:55,070 --> 00:28:56,610
around that nice wood road

772
00:28:56,610 --> 00:28:57,940
that you like to walk down,

773
00:28:57,940 --> 00:29:00,730
but it may not be the
most representative sample

774
00:29:00,730 --> 00:29:03,020
of the trees you have in your woods.

775
00:29:03,020 --> 00:29:06,870
And as much as we think
we can control our bias,

776
00:29:06,870 --> 00:29:07,930
it's difficult.

777
00:29:07,930 --> 00:29:10,470
And so using,

778
00:29:10,470 --> 00:29:12,270
some of the free software
that's available,

779
00:29:12,270 --> 00:29:15,180
to randomly put points down

780
00:29:15,180 --> 00:29:17,300
on your property map,

781
00:29:17,300 --> 00:29:20,460
that can help you eliminate
some of those biases,

782
00:29:20,460 --> 00:29:23,370
even just walking uphill or downhill

783
00:29:23,370 --> 00:29:25,910
can influence where you put your point.

784
00:29:25,910 --> 00:29:28,220
So just one last thing to say is

785
00:29:29,260 --> 00:29:31,730
if the goal is to get
a real accurate count

786
00:29:31,730 --> 00:29:34,740
of how many trees you have to tap,

787
00:29:34,740 --> 00:29:36,010
it's important to make sure

788
00:29:36,010 --> 00:29:38,270
that you're sampling the entire property,

789
00:29:38,270 --> 00:29:40,720
not just the areas that
are easy to walk through

790
00:29:40,720 --> 00:29:42,810
or are easy to get to.

791
00:29:42,810 --> 00:29:44,360
That's all I'll say about that.

792
00:29:45,370 --> 00:29:47,300
Like I said, you can put in more plots,

793
00:29:47,300 --> 00:29:50,590
but it will take more time or cost more

794
00:29:50,590 --> 00:29:52,883
if you're hiring someone to do that work.

795
00:29:54,200 --> 00:29:56,060
Here's another way of envisioning

796
00:29:56,060 --> 00:29:58,740
that variable radius plot concept.

797
00:29:58,740 --> 00:30:00,880
So let's say that red X

798
00:30:00,880 --> 00:30:03,210
is the point center

799
00:30:03,210 --> 00:30:04,320
and you're standing there

800
00:30:04,320 --> 00:30:06,090
and you're measuring the trees

801
00:30:06,090 --> 00:30:08,840
in that location.

802
00:30:08,840 --> 00:30:10,220
You're gonna use one of the tools

803
00:30:10,220 --> 00:30:13,520
that I'm gonna describe in a minute.

804
00:30:13,520 --> 00:30:16,890
And you will look around that whole,

805
00:30:16,890 --> 00:30:20,930
all the way in 360
degrees around that point.

806
00:30:20,930 --> 00:30:22,380
And you will measure to see

807
00:30:22,380 --> 00:30:24,790
if the trees are tallied or not,

808
00:30:24,790 --> 00:30:26,490
and they will become

809
00:30:26,490 --> 00:30:29,230
more likely to be tallied
the larger they are.

810
00:30:29,230 --> 00:30:33,090
So larger trees are more
likely to be counted,

811
00:30:33,090 --> 00:30:35,143
but that just means that,

812
00:30:36,660 --> 00:30:38,440
it's how the tools are designed.

813
00:30:38,440 --> 00:30:40,190
I'll talk about that just a second.

814
00:30:41,210 --> 00:30:42,140
To be consistent

815
00:30:42,140 --> 00:30:45,010
it's really important to
start at the same point.

816
00:30:45,010 --> 00:30:47,000
So you wanna start at due North

817
00:30:47,000 --> 00:30:48,400
and work your way around

818
00:30:48,400 --> 00:30:50,210
the convention is to work clockwise

819
00:30:50,210 --> 00:30:52,060
around in a circle.

820
00:30:52,060 --> 00:30:53,760
You don't have to measure out the plot

821
00:30:53,760 --> 00:30:55,720
in these point samples,

822
00:30:55,720 --> 00:30:58,900
but you do need to make sure you're not

823
00:30:58,900 --> 00:31:01,090
counting the same tree
over and over again,

824
00:31:01,090 --> 00:31:02,110
or multiple times.

825
00:31:02,110 --> 00:31:04,640
So use some sort of landmark

826
00:31:04,640 --> 00:31:07,990
or some sort of identifiers

827
00:31:07,990 --> 00:31:10,486
so that you know you've come back around,

828
00:31:10,486 --> 00:31:12,430
to the starting point

829
00:31:12,430 --> 00:31:15,150
when you're working your
way around in a circle.

830
00:31:15,150 --> 00:31:16,950
The important thing is
that you're standing

831
00:31:16,950 --> 00:31:18,360
right above that point center.

832
00:31:18,360 --> 00:31:21,020
You're not walking out to those trees.

833
00:31:21,020 --> 00:31:21,853
You wanna make sure

834
00:31:21,853 --> 00:31:23,300
all those trees you're measuring

835
00:31:23,300 --> 00:31:25,743
are happening right from that plot center.

836
00:31:27,750 --> 00:31:30,450
I will say the last type of inventory

837
00:31:30,450 --> 00:31:31,690
is sort of a quick and dirty,

838
00:31:31,690 --> 00:31:34,750
and that is just to
visualize a football field.

839
00:31:34,750 --> 00:31:35,730
So a football field

840
00:31:35,730 --> 00:31:38,630
is just about an acre in size.

841
00:31:38,630 --> 00:31:40,520
Most woods you can't see

842
00:31:40,520 --> 00:31:42,150
the equivalent of a football field,

843
00:31:42,150 --> 00:31:45,520
but you can probably estimate how close.

844
00:31:45,520 --> 00:31:47,500
And that would be another way to do it

845
00:31:47,500 --> 00:31:49,793
real quick and dirty, jump in there,

846
00:31:50,990 --> 00:31:52,890
decide whether or not you can see roughly

847
00:31:52,890 --> 00:31:54,150
half a football field,

848
00:31:54,150 --> 00:31:56,290
or maybe a little more,

849
00:31:56,290 --> 00:31:57,200
count the trees

850
00:31:58,179 --> 00:32:00,060
and that'll get you on your way.

851
00:32:00,060 --> 00:32:02,380
Like all quick and dirty things

852
00:32:02,380 --> 00:32:04,090
they'll get you a little
bit of information,

853
00:32:04,090 --> 00:32:06,090
but it's not gonna be the most accurate

854
00:32:06,090 --> 00:32:07,020
by any means.

855
00:32:07,020 --> 00:32:11,000
And it could cause you
to make some choices

856
00:32:11,000 --> 00:32:12,810
in terms of buying materials

857
00:32:12,810 --> 00:32:14,630
or hiring installers

858
00:32:14,630 --> 00:32:16,200
or any number of things

859
00:32:17,240 --> 00:32:18,073
that you may wish you had done

860
00:32:18,073 --> 00:32:21,473
a little bit more high quality inventory.

861
00:32:23,660 --> 00:32:25,440
So what tools are we gonna use?

862
00:32:25,440 --> 00:32:27,590
We have a couple of forestry tools,

863
00:32:27,590 --> 00:32:29,350
that are pretty common,

864
00:32:29,350 --> 00:32:30,300
a diameter tape,

865
00:32:30,300 --> 00:32:32,190
or a Biltmore stick.

866
00:32:32,190 --> 00:32:34,950
These are ways of measuring diameter.

867
00:32:34,950 --> 00:32:36,730
You have an angle gauge or a prism.

868
00:32:36,730 --> 00:32:38,500
These are ways of determining

869
00:32:38,500 --> 00:32:41,460
whether or not tree is
to be tallied or not.

870
00:32:41,460 --> 00:32:42,520
A measuring tape.

871
00:32:42,520 --> 00:32:43,840
This would be like a a hundred foot

872
00:32:43,840 --> 00:32:45,280
or a hundred meter tape.

873
00:32:45,280 --> 00:32:47,070
That's what you would use to determine,

874
00:32:47,070 --> 00:32:49,040
if you're doing plot sampling,

875
00:32:49,040 --> 00:32:50,920
how far is that radius?

876
00:32:50,920 --> 00:32:52,170
How big is the plot?

877
00:32:52,170 --> 00:32:53,740
Am I gonna do a fifth of an acre?

878
00:32:53,740 --> 00:32:56,120
Am I gonna do a 20th of an acre,

879
00:32:56,120 --> 00:32:57,640
whatever that is.

880
00:32:57,640 --> 00:32:59,180
Map and compass.

881
00:32:59,180 --> 00:33:01,290
Still important even the digital age,

882
00:33:01,290 --> 00:33:02,680
it's really important to have

883
00:33:02,680 --> 00:33:03,950
a sense of where you're at,

884
00:33:03,950 --> 00:33:06,650
how to navigate to these data points

885
00:33:06,650 --> 00:33:10,340
if your phone isn't
available or not working.

886
00:33:10,340 --> 00:33:11,750
And then a data sheet.

887
00:33:11,750 --> 00:33:14,363
Got to have a way of
inventorying that data.

888
00:33:16,820 --> 00:33:19,290
A Biltmore stick is very simple.

889
00:33:19,290 --> 00:33:20,980
It's a wooden stick

890
00:33:20,980 --> 00:33:22,230
that looks kinda like a yard stick.

891
00:33:22,230 --> 00:33:24,490
It's designed with graduations

892
00:33:24,490 --> 00:33:26,960
along one side to measure diameter.

893
00:33:26,960 --> 00:33:29,380
You line up one edge of the Biltmore stick

894
00:33:29,380 --> 00:33:30,910
on one edge of the tree.

895
00:33:30,910 --> 00:33:33,240
You hold it a set distance
away from your eye,

896
00:33:33,240 --> 00:33:35,870
and you look along the other edge

897
00:33:35,870 --> 00:33:37,330
of the diameter of the tree.

898
00:33:37,330 --> 00:33:39,250
And you see where that tree

899
00:33:40,510 --> 00:33:42,500
edge of the stem intersects with

900
00:33:42,500 --> 00:33:45,380
the diameter markings on the tree.

901
00:33:45,380 --> 00:33:48,040
They're in graduations of

902
00:33:48,040 --> 00:33:49,610
one foot or two foot,

903
00:33:49,610 --> 00:33:51,240
sorry, one inch or two inch,

904
00:33:51,240 --> 00:33:54,670
and they're not especially precise,

905
00:33:54,670 --> 00:33:56,450
but it does give you a ballpark

906
00:33:56,450 --> 00:33:57,940
number for diameter

907
00:33:57,940 --> 00:33:59,960
and probably precise enough,

908
00:33:59,960 --> 00:34:02,240
for the purposes of measuring

909
00:34:02,240 --> 00:34:04,300
number of taps per tree.

910
00:34:04,300 --> 00:34:05,560
A couple of things to keep in mind.

911
00:34:05,560 --> 00:34:06,410
You always wanna measure

912
00:34:06,410 --> 00:34:08,173
on the high side of the tree.

913
00:34:09,060 --> 00:34:10,480
High side of the base of the stumps.

914
00:34:10,480 --> 00:34:12,240
So if you're on sloped land,

915
00:34:12,240 --> 00:34:13,300
you're gonna wanna make sure

916
00:34:13,300 --> 00:34:15,340
that you're on that high side,

917
00:34:15,340 --> 00:34:18,090
not on the bottom or on the side.

918
00:34:18,090 --> 00:34:19,630
And you always wanna measure it

919
00:34:19,630 --> 00:34:21,100
four and a half feet above the ground.

920
00:34:21,100 --> 00:34:22,940
That's the forestry convention

921
00:34:22,940 --> 00:34:24,850
for diameter at breast height.

922
00:34:24,850 --> 00:34:27,090
And this just allows for

923
00:34:27,090 --> 00:34:30,470
removing mistakes from tree to tree.

924
00:34:30,470 --> 00:34:31,860
So a more precise measure

925
00:34:31,860 --> 00:34:33,173
would be a diameter tape.

926
00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:36,220
Here's one that's divided up.

927
00:34:36,220 --> 00:34:40,130
On one side it has regular
length measurements

928
00:34:40,130 --> 00:34:42,247
and the other, it has diameter.

929
00:34:42,247 --> 00:34:44,830
And the way it works is
it takes circumference

930
00:34:44,830 --> 00:34:47,042
and it does the math

931
00:34:47,042 --> 00:34:48,680
and converts it to diameter.

932
00:34:48,680 --> 00:34:52,110
So here's a diameter tape measuring,

933
00:34:52,110 --> 00:34:55,010
in this case a cookie
of a sugar maple tree.

934
00:34:55,010 --> 00:34:57,650
And it's almost 11.9 inches,

935
00:34:57,650 --> 00:34:59,670
but it's just a little under 11.9

936
00:34:59,670 --> 00:35:02,700
between 11.8 and 11.9.

937
00:35:02,700 --> 00:35:04,810
If you can see the
bottom part of the tape,

938
00:35:04,810 --> 00:35:07,670
there's a line and I'm lining up my eye

939
00:35:07,670 --> 00:35:10,700
with where that bottom line

940
00:35:10,700 --> 00:35:12,880
and the graduations above.

941
00:35:12,880 --> 00:35:14,960
And this is divided up into tenths.

942
00:35:14,960 --> 00:35:16,410
If you're using a D-tape,

943
00:35:16,410 --> 00:35:18,630
make sure the tape is level,

944
00:35:18,630 --> 00:35:20,520
parallel with the ground

945
00:35:20,520 --> 00:35:21,870
or perpendicular to the stem.

946
00:35:21,870 --> 00:35:25,810
It's not up or down in
some way and not twisted

947
00:35:25,810 --> 00:35:30,030
because that would
impact the measurements.

948
00:35:30,030 --> 00:35:32,250
So that's measuring diameter.

949
00:35:32,250 --> 00:35:34,370
You also have point sampling tools

950
00:35:34,370 --> 00:35:35,993
and plot sampling tools.

951
00:35:36,910 --> 00:35:39,900
So an angle gauge is an inexpensive way

952
00:35:39,900 --> 00:35:41,460
of point sampling.

953
00:35:41,460 --> 00:35:44,520
And you basically look through that

954
00:35:44,520 --> 00:35:49,200
oddly shaped opening in the angle gauge,

955
00:35:49,200 --> 00:35:51,563
and you look to see whether or not,

956
00:35:52,648 --> 00:35:56,250
the tree in question fills that space,

957
00:35:56,250 --> 00:35:57,950
that little void or not.

958
00:35:57,950 --> 00:35:59,340
And there's a couple of different,

959
00:35:59,340 --> 00:36:01,150
there's a five, a 10, a 20,

960
00:36:01,150 --> 00:36:04,493
and actually even a 40 factor.

961
00:36:06,230 --> 00:36:08,430
Let's go to the very
top and that's the five.

962
00:36:08,430 --> 00:36:12,040
So if a tree totally fills that slot,

963
00:36:12,040 --> 00:36:14,300
that's the width by the five

964
00:36:14,300 --> 00:36:16,070
then the tree would be counted.

965
00:36:16,070 --> 00:36:17,320
If it doesn't fill that,

966
00:36:17,320 --> 00:36:18,320
if you can see daylight

967
00:36:18,320 --> 00:36:20,570
on either side of the
tree within that slot,

968
00:36:20,570 --> 00:36:22,590
then it isn't counted

969
00:36:22,590 --> 00:36:25,010
and you rotate this around plot center

970
00:36:25,010 --> 00:36:26,610
or point center,

971
00:36:26,610 --> 00:36:28,070
and that chain is meant

972
00:36:28,070 --> 00:36:31,260
to set the distance away from your eye.

973
00:36:31,260 --> 00:36:33,360
So you would hold that
either up to your mouth

974
00:36:33,360 --> 00:36:35,130
or some people would actually
put it in their mouth,

975
00:36:35,130 --> 00:36:36,980
but it's probably not tasty

976
00:36:36,980 --> 00:36:38,750
to chomp on that.

977
00:36:38,750 --> 00:36:40,440
But you wanna make sure

978
00:36:40,440 --> 00:36:42,480
that distance is kept constant

979
00:36:42,480 --> 00:36:45,653
as you're rotating around the plot.

980
00:36:46,850 --> 00:36:48,010
And you're counting

981
00:36:48,010 --> 00:36:52,840
all the trees that are filling that void.

982
00:36:52,840 --> 00:36:54,950
A cheap and easy way

983
00:36:54,950 --> 00:36:56,640
instead of using the angle gauge

984
00:36:56,640 --> 00:36:58,270
is using a penny.

985
00:36:58,270 --> 00:37:00,370
That's similar to the 10 factor

986
00:37:00,370 --> 00:37:02,890
that was on that angle gauge.

987
00:37:02,890 --> 00:37:05,080
It's not exactly the same.

988
00:37:05,080 --> 00:37:08,820
So it would actually tell you

989
00:37:08,820 --> 00:37:10,150
slightly fewer trees.

990
00:37:10,150 --> 00:37:12,110
So you might do an under count.

991
00:37:12,110 --> 00:37:14,050
And that illustration below

992
00:37:14,050 --> 00:37:16,400
you can see that kind of penny,

993
00:37:16,400 --> 00:37:17,710
the view from your eye

994
00:37:17,710 --> 00:37:19,340
of whether or not that penny

995
00:37:19,340 --> 00:37:23,450
totally covers the tree diameter or not.

996
00:37:23,450 --> 00:37:27,850
And if it is equal to
that diameter or greater

997
00:37:27,850 --> 00:37:29,050
then you would count it.

998
00:37:29,050 --> 00:37:32,570
And if the penny is larger than the stem,

999
00:37:32,570 --> 00:37:33,720
you would not count it.

1000
00:37:34,590 --> 00:37:35,520
And you would repeat this

1001
00:37:35,520 --> 00:37:37,000
for all the number of points

1002
00:37:37,000 --> 00:37:38,810
that you had decided

1003
00:37:38,810 --> 00:37:41,163
was appropriate for your stand.

1004
00:37:42,230 --> 00:37:43,590
A more expensive,

1005
00:37:43,590 --> 00:37:44,770
but more precise

1006
00:37:44,770 --> 00:37:46,810
way of doing point sampling

1007
00:37:46,810 --> 00:37:49,500
is using a wedge prism.

1008
00:37:49,500 --> 00:37:52,350
And this is a well engineered,

1009
00:37:52,350 --> 00:37:55,290
carefully engineered wedge of glass

1010
00:37:55,290 --> 00:37:57,167
that you look through

1011
00:37:57,167 --> 00:37:58,880
and the angle of that glass,

1012
00:37:58,880 --> 00:38:00,690
it has a set angle,

1013
00:38:00,690 --> 00:38:04,550
and that does a certain amount of offset.

1014
00:38:04,550 --> 00:38:06,770
It makes the view through that prism,

1015
00:38:06,770 --> 00:38:08,680
slightly offset from what you see

1016
00:38:08,680 --> 00:38:10,810
above and below the prism.

1017
00:38:10,810 --> 00:38:15,280
And depending on if the offset overlaps

1018
00:38:15,280 --> 00:38:18,980
or is completely exposed

1019
00:38:18,980 --> 00:38:19,950
would be whether or not

1020
00:38:19,950 --> 00:38:22,060
you tally the tree or not.

1021
00:38:22,060 --> 00:38:24,330
That's a little abstract to say in words,

1022
00:38:24,330 --> 00:38:25,163
this is an illustration

1023
00:38:25,163 --> 00:38:27,540
of what it would look like.

1024
00:38:27,540 --> 00:38:31,060
The tree on the left in this illustration

1025
00:38:31,060 --> 00:38:34,160
would be out because it doesn't overlap

1026
00:38:34,160 --> 00:38:36,650
the tree in the middle clearly overlaps

1027
00:38:36,650 --> 00:38:39,530
and would be counted as a tree.

1028
00:38:39,530 --> 00:38:42,200
And the tree on the right

1029
00:38:42,200 --> 00:38:43,470
is right on the borderline.

1030
00:38:43,470 --> 00:38:45,023
It's really hard to tell.

1031
00:38:46,070 --> 00:38:47,800
There's different conventions

1032
00:38:47,800 --> 00:38:49,980
about what to do in this case.

1033
00:38:49,980 --> 00:38:51,620
Some conventions would say

1034
00:38:52,950 --> 00:38:54,350
treat every other one,

1035
00:38:54,350 --> 00:38:55,490
count every other one.

1036
00:38:55,490 --> 00:38:56,680
So you just have to keep track

1037
00:38:56,680 --> 00:38:57,840
of whether or not

1038
00:38:57,840 --> 00:38:59,610
the last one you counted in.

1039
00:38:59,610 --> 00:39:00,620
And then the next time you have

1040
00:39:00,620 --> 00:39:02,154
a borderline tree,

1041
00:39:02,154 --> 00:39:04,240
you would not count it.

1042
00:39:04,240 --> 00:39:06,320
So if you're taking that extra step

1043
00:39:06,320 --> 00:39:07,490
of understanding,

1044
00:39:07,490 --> 00:39:11,100
the diameter distribution of trees,

1045
00:39:11,100 --> 00:39:13,270
you would go out to all the counted trees,

1046
00:39:13,270 --> 00:39:14,360
the trees like in the middle

1047
00:39:14,360 --> 00:39:16,000
that are clearly overlapping,

1048
00:39:16,000 --> 00:39:17,767
and you would measure the diameter

1049
00:39:17,767 --> 00:39:19,283
and you would record that.

1050
00:39:20,880 --> 00:39:23,170
One other thing, actually,
we can go to this.

1051
00:39:23,170 --> 00:39:25,150
In reality, this is what it looks like

1052
00:39:25,150 --> 00:39:27,193
when you're looking through a prism,

1053
00:39:28,130 --> 00:39:31,970
you can see the center
of the stem is offset,

1054
00:39:31,970 --> 00:39:35,070
but it is clearly
overlapping above and below.

1055
00:39:35,070 --> 00:39:38,070
So this would be a tree I would count.

1056
00:39:38,070 --> 00:39:40,810
Remember when you're doing point sampling,

1057
00:39:40,810 --> 00:39:43,360
it's really important that you establish

1058
00:39:43,360 --> 00:39:45,730
that point center right away.

1059
00:39:45,730 --> 00:39:46,750
Put a stick in the ground,

1060
00:39:46,750 --> 00:39:47,730
put some flagging there,

1061
00:39:47,730 --> 00:39:50,120
something that's not gonna move

1062
00:39:50,120 --> 00:39:52,910
because even just a
little bit of movement,

1063
00:39:52,910 --> 00:39:54,820
side to side or front and back

1064
00:39:54,820 --> 00:39:56,840
can make the difference of whether or not

1065
00:39:56,840 --> 00:39:58,430
a tree is counted or not.

1066
00:39:58,430 --> 00:40:00,040
And that the same is true for a plot.

1067
00:40:00,040 --> 00:40:03,200
You don't wanna be
moving plot center around

1068
00:40:03,200 --> 00:40:05,600
because just a little bit of difference

1069
00:40:05,600 --> 00:40:07,103
can impact whether or not

1070
00:40:07,103 --> 00:40:08,500
a tree is counted.

1071
00:40:08,500 --> 00:40:12,513
And it'll just make your data inaccurate.

1072
00:40:14,220 --> 00:40:15,100
Data sheet.

1073
00:40:15,100 --> 00:40:16,040
Very important.

1074
00:40:16,040 --> 00:40:18,030
You wanna record that data.

1075
00:40:18,030 --> 00:40:19,410
You can make your own data sheet.

1076
00:40:19,410 --> 00:40:20,900
It doesn't have to be complicated.

1077
00:40:20,900 --> 00:40:22,060
You do wanna make sure,

1078
00:40:22,060 --> 00:40:24,030
you're keeping a tally

1079
00:40:24,030 --> 00:40:25,763
of how many tappable trees.

1080
00:40:26,610 --> 00:40:30,470
If you are looking for

1081
00:40:30,470 --> 00:40:31,960
potentially getting a loan,

1082
00:40:31,960 --> 00:40:33,070
they're gonna wanna know

1083
00:40:33,070 --> 00:40:35,020
how many taps per acre there are

1084
00:40:35,020 --> 00:40:36,160
on this property,

1085
00:40:36,160 --> 00:40:37,320
because that's gonna impact

1086
00:40:37,320 --> 00:40:40,780
your ability to produce sap, syrup

1087
00:40:40,780 --> 00:40:43,360
and in their mind pay back the loan.

1088
00:40:43,360 --> 00:40:47,500
So really important to
have good numbers on this.

1089
00:40:47,500 --> 00:40:48,830
The stands are important

1090
00:40:48,830 --> 00:40:51,020
because you wanna be able to compare,

1091
00:40:51,020 --> 00:40:52,680
what stands have the most,

1092
00:40:52,680 --> 00:40:54,177
the good density of trees

1093
00:40:54,177 --> 00:40:56,273
and which ones are maybe a little thin.

1094
00:40:57,970 --> 00:40:59,650
And you also wanna make sure

1095
00:40:59,650 --> 00:41:01,160
you write down what the plot size.

1096
00:41:01,160 --> 00:41:02,820
If you're doing fixed radius plots,

1097
00:41:02,820 --> 00:41:04,590
you wanna make sure you know,

1098
00:41:04,590 --> 00:41:05,950
what size plot you are doing

1099
00:41:05,950 --> 00:41:07,300
so you can do the math

1100
00:41:07,300 --> 00:41:11,490
on estimation of trees or taps per acre.

1101
00:41:11,490 --> 00:41:13,200
So here's an example.

1102
00:41:13,200 --> 00:41:15,820
You can break it up by diameter class.

1103
00:41:15,820 --> 00:41:17,710
In forestry it's a little odd

1104
00:41:17,710 --> 00:41:20,710
there would be a range in diameters.

1105
00:41:20,710 --> 00:41:21,690
Generally speaking

1106
00:41:21,690 --> 00:41:24,290
it's a two inch diameter class.

1107
00:41:24,290 --> 00:41:26,410
So if you say a 10 inch tree,

1108
00:41:26,410 --> 00:41:29,720
that is 10 inches as the center point

1109
00:41:29,720 --> 00:41:32,290
of a two inch diameter class.

1110
00:41:32,290 --> 00:41:33,440
And so it could go everywhere

1111
00:41:33,440 --> 00:41:35,850
from a nine inch tree to an 11 inch tree

1112
00:41:35,850 --> 00:41:36,993
and so on.

1113
00:41:39,050 --> 00:41:42,450
Embracing the forestry methods

1114
00:41:42,450 --> 00:41:43,900
might be a little confusing.

1115
00:41:43,900 --> 00:41:45,070
You could do your own data sheet,

1116
00:41:45,070 --> 00:41:47,130
make up your own diameter classes,

1117
00:41:47,130 --> 00:41:48,640
however you wanna do it,

1118
00:41:48,640 --> 00:41:50,350
but make sure you're having a space

1119
00:41:50,350 --> 00:41:53,040
to tally the trees that are in

1120
00:41:53,040 --> 00:41:56,903
and knowing what size plot you're using.

1121
00:41:57,970 --> 00:42:00,383
If you're using a point sampling

1122
00:42:00,383 --> 00:42:02,010
then you can find this information

1123
00:42:02,010 --> 00:42:03,100
online as well,

1124
00:42:03,100 --> 00:42:06,430
there is a multiplier
of some sort of a factor

1125
00:42:06,430 --> 00:42:08,880
to estimate how many

1126
00:42:08,880 --> 00:42:12,730
based on whatever factor
prism you're using.

1127
00:42:12,730 --> 00:42:15,390
The prism that are most common

1128
00:42:15,390 --> 00:42:17,810
would be a 10 factor prism,

1129
00:42:17,810 --> 00:42:19,760
but you would have a multiplier.

1130
00:42:19,760 --> 00:42:22,130
So multiplying whatever number of trees

1131
00:42:22,130 --> 00:42:25,230
you tallied in that
various diameter class,

1132
00:42:25,230 --> 00:42:27,060
you would multiply by that factor

1133
00:42:27,060 --> 00:42:28,490
and then you would total up

1134
00:42:28,490 --> 00:42:30,153
for number of taps per acre.

1135
00:42:31,040 --> 00:42:32,710
Developing something consistent,

1136
00:42:32,710 --> 00:42:34,240
a data sheet that will work for you

1137
00:42:34,240 --> 00:42:35,460
is important.

1138
00:42:35,460 --> 00:42:38,360
Make sure that whoever is doing this work,

1139
00:42:38,360 --> 00:42:40,810
has thought through,

1140
00:42:40,810 --> 00:42:42,090
what stands they're gonna do,

1141
00:42:42,090 --> 00:42:43,610
how many points they're gonna do,

1142
00:42:43,610 --> 00:42:45,763
how they're gonna
navigate to those points.

1143
00:42:47,280 --> 00:42:49,160
And that is what I got for you.

1144
00:42:49,160 --> 00:42:53,050
So there's a fair amount to cover there,

1145
00:42:53,050 --> 00:42:55,280
and hopefully you got something out of it

1146
00:42:55,280 --> 00:42:59,990
and I'd be happy to
take some questions now.

1147
00:42:59,990 --> 00:43:03,070
I can stop sharing

1148
00:43:04,300 --> 00:43:08,230
and I will try to give
everyone a chance to

1149
00:43:09,274 --> 00:43:11,740
- And Mark, this is the other Mark.

1150
00:43:11,740 --> 00:43:13,990
I'm just gonna chime in
and read one question

1151
00:43:13,990 --> 00:43:15,450
off the chat box.

1152
00:43:15,450 --> 00:43:16,283
- Sure.

1153
00:43:16,283 --> 00:43:18,540
- And then I can start
unmuting if you want.

1154
00:43:18,540 --> 00:43:19,373
- Okay.

1155
00:43:19,373 --> 00:43:21,160
- Question came in a few minutes ago

1156
00:43:22,370 --> 00:43:23,203
I think this was right before you went

1157
00:43:23,203 --> 00:43:25,293
to some of the point sampling techniques.

1158
00:43:26,210 --> 00:43:29,770
What about CIR, Color Infrared Imagery

1159
00:43:29,770 --> 00:43:32,660
to determine type and size

1160
00:43:32,660 --> 00:43:35,070
for a method of inventory?

1161
00:43:35,070 --> 00:43:36,680
- Yeah, that's a good,

1162
00:43:36,680 --> 00:43:39,200
that's pretty high-tech.

1163
00:43:39,200 --> 00:43:40,800
There is definitely some remote sensing

1164
00:43:40,800 --> 00:43:42,820
that can be done to look at species,

1165
00:43:42,820 --> 00:43:43,670
obviously would have to be

1166
00:43:43,670 --> 00:43:45,653
when the leaves are on.

1167
00:43:46,700 --> 00:43:49,480
I am not that familiar
with that technology

1168
00:43:49,480 --> 00:43:52,180
so I wouldn't be able to estimate.

1169
00:43:52,180 --> 00:43:54,890
I think it could probably give you

1170
00:43:54,890 --> 00:43:57,830
a good sense broadly of what percentage

1171
00:43:59,320 --> 00:44:02,160
in your stand are maple versus not,

1172
00:44:02,160 --> 00:44:04,020
but without getting on the ground,

1173
00:44:04,020 --> 00:44:06,560
it's hard to do diameters.

1174
00:44:06,560 --> 00:44:07,970
And I know LIDAR,

1175
00:44:07,970 --> 00:44:12,000
which is also a modern
remote sensing technique

1176
00:44:12,000 --> 00:44:14,110
has come a long way.

1177
00:44:14,110 --> 00:44:15,150
They're not there yet

1178
00:44:15,150 --> 00:44:16,750
in terms of measuring diameter

1179
00:44:16,750 --> 00:44:18,460
from that far away.

1180
00:44:18,460 --> 00:44:20,330
So I would still say that

1181
00:44:20,330 --> 00:44:22,422
someone has to be on the ground

1182
00:44:22,422 --> 00:44:23,893
measuring those trees.

1183
00:44:26,170 --> 00:44:28,210
So I think everyone now,

1184
00:44:28,210 --> 00:44:31,210
I think I gave everyone
permission to unmute.

1185
00:44:31,210 --> 00:44:33,630
So if anyone else has questions,

1186
00:44:33,630 --> 00:44:35,500
I'd be happy to happy to take them there.

1187
00:44:35,500 --> 00:44:37,310
Or if you wanna contribute,

1188
00:44:37,310 --> 00:44:38,910
how you're approaching

1189
00:44:38,910 --> 00:44:40,770
inventorying your own property

1190
00:44:40,770 --> 00:44:43,920
or issues that you've run into

1191
00:44:45,790 --> 00:44:48,270
in terms of measuring trees.

1192
00:44:48,270 --> 00:44:49,103
Love to hear it.

1193
00:44:51,450 --> 00:44:53,490
- Hi, Mark, it's Jenny from Ontario.

1194
00:44:53,490 --> 00:44:55,724
Thanks for the great presentation.

1195
00:44:55,724 --> 00:44:56,557
- Hi Jenny.

1196
00:44:56,557 --> 00:44:57,680
- Hi.

1197
00:44:57,680 --> 00:45:00,110
So I just had a quick question about,

1198
00:45:00,110 --> 00:45:02,367
you mentioned earlier that

1199
00:45:02,367 --> 00:45:06,339
some trees might not have
fully functional DBH,

1200
00:45:06,339 --> 00:45:08,770
and that that could also be included

1201
00:45:08,770 --> 00:45:09,940
in the inventory.

1202
00:45:09,940 --> 00:45:12,470
Do you have any tools or tips

1203
00:45:12,470 --> 00:45:14,080
for how to do that?

1204
00:45:14,080 --> 00:45:14,913
- Yeah, I mean,

1205
00:45:15,850 --> 00:45:17,960
the easiest would be just to estimate.

1206
00:45:17,960 --> 00:45:20,100
You look at an individual tree

1207
00:45:20,100 --> 00:45:23,770
that has a big area of decay

1208
00:45:23,770 --> 00:45:26,420
that's visibly non-conductive,

1209
00:45:26,420 --> 00:45:28,150
you would have to make
some sort of estimation.

1210
00:45:28,150 --> 00:45:32,250
Is it 20% of the tappable area

1211
00:45:32,250 --> 00:45:34,293
and just reduce it proportionally.

1212
00:45:35,730 --> 00:45:37,030
The individual tools,

1213
00:45:37,030 --> 00:45:38,680
we can't see inside the tree

1214
00:45:38,680 --> 00:45:41,770
so it would have to be
a really visible defect

1215
00:45:41,770 --> 00:45:45,410
for you to make that sort of deduction

1216
00:45:45,410 --> 00:45:48,093
in terms of a functional diameter.

1217
00:45:49,240 --> 00:45:51,053
There's some question about,

1218
00:45:53,832 --> 00:45:56,390
what's the maximum capacity of sap flow

1219
00:45:56,390 --> 00:45:58,070
through a certain unit of wood.

1220
00:45:58,070 --> 00:45:59,530
So like that, for instance,

1221
00:45:59,530 --> 00:46:02,120
that sugar maple board that I showed you.

1222
00:46:02,120 --> 00:46:04,580
That's a big proportion
of the tree circumference

1223
00:46:06,030 --> 00:46:07,590
under sort of gravity

1224
00:46:07,590 --> 00:46:10,080
sap collection techniques

1225
00:46:10,080 --> 00:46:10,920
you would expect

1226
00:46:10,920 --> 00:46:15,020
that the reduction would be significant.

1227
00:46:15,020 --> 00:46:16,950
But with high vacuum,

1228
00:46:16,950 --> 00:46:18,140
we don't really know enough

1229
00:46:18,140 --> 00:46:20,260
at this point to say,

1230
00:46:20,260 --> 00:46:23,763
would you see as a dramatic reduction?

1231
00:46:24,610 --> 00:46:26,000
I think it's safe to estimate

1232
00:46:26,000 --> 00:46:27,260
that yes, you would,

1233
00:46:27,260 --> 00:46:29,040
and make some sort of reduction.

1234
00:46:29,040 --> 00:46:30,580
And I don't want it to suggest

1235
00:46:30,580 --> 00:46:32,290
that you do this for
every individual tree,

1236
00:46:32,290 --> 00:46:33,940
'cause it would take too long.

1237
00:46:33,940 --> 00:46:35,760
I guess I'm bringing it up because

1238
00:46:35,760 --> 00:46:37,070
if you have a stand

1239
00:46:37,070 --> 00:46:40,360
that has a lot of issues with decay

1240
00:46:41,260 --> 00:46:42,350
it's worth noting,

1241
00:46:42,350 --> 00:46:44,683
it's worth considering

1242
00:46:44,683 --> 00:46:46,860
and making some reductions,

1243
00:46:46,860 --> 00:46:50,410
but also those might be
good candidates to remove

1244
00:46:50,410 --> 00:46:54,520
and maybe put the limited sunlight

1245
00:46:54,520 --> 00:46:55,690
that's out there,

1246
00:46:55,690 --> 00:46:57,490
onto trees that have a better chance

1247
00:46:57,490 --> 00:46:59,270
of living over the longterm

1248
00:46:59,270 --> 00:47:00,663
and putting on new growth.

1249
00:47:03,100 --> 00:47:04,730
- Thank you.

1250
00:47:04,730 --> 00:47:05,710
- This is Mark Cannelo.

1251
00:47:05,710 --> 00:47:07,400
I'll just remind folks feel free to,

1252
00:47:07,400 --> 00:47:09,240
you should be able to unmute yourself

1253
00:47:09,240 --> 00:47:10,840
if you go to your permission,

1254
00:47:10,840 --> 00:47:12,170
look at the little microphone

1255
00:47:12,170 --> 00:47:13,310
and if you're more comfortable

1256
00:47:13,310 --> 00:47:15,420
typing into the chat box,

1257
00:47:15,420 --> 00:47:18,180
don't hesitate to type in a question there

1258
00:47:18,180 --> 00:47:20,300
and I'll be sure to read it

1259
00:47:20,300 --> 00:47:23,713
if the other Mark doesn't
read it right away.

1260
00:47:25,100 --> 00:47:27,450
Mark, I'm just gonna ask
one question if I can.

1261
00:47:28,330 --> 00:47:30,600
A lot of times coming back to yield,

1262
00:47:30,600 --> 00:47:33,690
to sap yield and overall sugar yield

1263
00:47:33,690 --> 00:47:35,570
I know we've got a great legacy

1264
00:47:35,570 --> 00:47:39,170
of talking about yield per tap.

1265
00:47:39,170 --> 00:47:41,480
And what I'm kind of understanding

1266
00:47:41,480 --> 00:47:43,260
from this presentation is that

1267
00:47:43,260 --> 00:47:45,000
really it's sort of
changing the orientation

1268
00:47:45,000 --> 00:47:48,240
from a tree basis to an acre basis.

1269
00:47:48,240 --> 00:47:49,090
And I'm just curious

1270
00:47:49,090 --> 00:47:51,020
if you have any thoughts about when,

1271
00:47:51,020 --> 00:47:52,770
as a forester when you hear people

1272
00:47:52,770 --> 00:47:54,463
talking about yield per tap,

1273
00:47:55,980 --> 00:47:57,910
do you have any thoughts about

1274
00:47:57,910 --> 00:48:00,230
the potential or the merits

1275
00:48:00,230 --> 00:48:01,740
of people considering their yield

1276
00:48:01,740 --> 00:48:03,050
more on an acre basis

1277
00:48:03,050 --> 00:48:06,400
rather than on a estimated tap level?

1278
00:48:06,400 --> 00:48:07,233
- Yeah, I mean,

1279
00:48:09,230 --> 00:48:11,150
it's dynamic because,

1280
00:48:11,150 --> 00:48:14,470
at any one given time you might have,

1281
00:48:14,470 --> 00:48:17,700
a really high yield per tap,

1282
00:48:17,700 --> 00:48:19,430
but over time,

1283
00:48:19,430 --> 00:48:20,870
if you're not maximizing

1284
00:48:20,870 --> 00:48:22,810
the growth of those trees,

1285
00:48:22,810 --> 00:48:26,570
you are probably gonna
see that yield go down

1286
00:48:26,570 --> 00:48:27,403
because the trees

1287
00:48:27,403 --> 00:48:28,940
aren't putting on enough wood

1288
00:48:28,940 --> 00:48:31,030
to make up for what's being removed

1289
00:48:31,030 --> 00:48:32,690
from tapping.

1290
00:48:32,690 --> 00:48:35,290
Both, the wood that's removed

1291
00:48:35,290 --> 00:48:36,410
by the tapping process,

1292
00:48:36,410 --> 00:48:38,010
but also the non-functional wood

1293
00:48:39,530 --> 00:48:41,570
accumulate over time.

1294
00:48:41,570 --> 00:48:45,617
I think that the yield per acre

1295
00:48:45,617 --> 00:48:47,063
is an interesting idea.

1296
00:48:48,010 --> 00:48:49,043
The silviculture,

1297
00:48:49,043 --> 00:48:54,043
I would say isn't totally settled.

1298
00:48:54,690 --> 00:48:56,020
I think I alluded to it a little bit

1299
00:48:56,020 --> 00:48:57,810
when I was talking about that older style

1300
00:48:57,810 --> 00:49:00,453
of widely spaced, large crown trees,

1301
00:49:01,680 --> 00:49:06,680
but the issue with
maximizing the number of,

1302
00:49:06,740 --> 00:49:08,660
Oh, I think I talked about it,

1303
00:49:08,660 --> 00:49:11,800
maximizing number of taps per acre,

1304
00:49:11,800 --> 00:49:14,440
is that you might find yourself

1305
00:49:14,440 --> 00:49:16,530
tapping smaller and smaller trees

1306
00:49:16,530 --> 00:49:19,510
and not paying attention to tree growth.

1307
00:49:19,510 --> 00:49:22,010
I'm not sure if that really
answers your question.

1308
00:49:24,980 --> 00:49:27,530
Yes per acre is a good way

1309
00:49:27,530 --> 00:49:28,450
of approaching things,

1310
00:49:28,450 --> 00:49:29,870
but you also have to understand

1311
00:49:29,870 --> 00:49:33,150
the underlying patterns or distribution

1312
00:49:33,150 --> 00:49:34,640
of what size trees you have

1313
00:49:34,640 --> 00:49:37,090
so you don't end up in a scenario where

1314
00:49:38,270 --> 00:49:40,200
you've tapped the same trees for years,

1315
00:49:40,200 --> 00:49:41,680
and you don't have regeneration

1316
00:49:41,680 --> 00:49:44,620
coming to replace them,

1317
00:49:44,620 --> 00:49:47,480
or you're at such a low growth rate

1318
00:49:47,480 --> 00:49:50,970
that your yields go down and down and down

1319
00:49:50,970 --> 00:49:53,570
because you consistently hit

1320
00:49:53,570 --> 00:49:55,173
staying non-conductive wood.

1321
00:49:56,266 --> 00:49:59,230
I think I saw a note from Nicholas.

1322
00:49:59,230 --> 00:50:01,370
Is there a tree health classification,

1323
00:50:01,370 --> 00:50:04,890
like the MSCR in Quebec that you use

1324
00:50:04,890 --> 00:50:08,030
to inventory the health of the sugarbush?

1325
00:50:08,030 --> 00:50:09,630
Nicholas,

1326
00:50:09,630 --> 00:50:12,460
I'm not familiar with the MSCR actually,

1327
00:50:12,460 --> 00:50:14,990
but in forestry,

1328
00:50:14,990 --> 00:50:18,060
there's definitely vigor

1329
00:50:18,060 --> 00:50:20,330
and health measurements.

1330
00:50:20,330 --> 00:50:22,390
It's not as common

1331
00:50:22,390 --> 00:50:24,883
in a sugarbush inventory.

1332
00:50:25,980 --> 00:50:29,110
Typically it'll be a pretty simple just

1333
00:50:29,110 --> 00:50:31,893
what size tree and is it tappable?

1334
00:50:33,600 --> 00:50:36,350
I think much like

1335
00:50:36,350 --> 00:50:38,530
Jenny's question about the tapping shell

1336
00:50:38,530 --> 00:50:40,650
or how much conductive
wood is there to tap

1337
00:50:40,650 --> 00:50:42,280
I think it's really

1338
00:50:43,120 --> 00:50:44,870
a tap is not a tap is not a tap,

1339
00:50:44,870 --> 00:50:46,970
just like a five inch tree

1340
00:50:46,970 --> 00:50:50,010
should not be added to the same bucket

1341
00:50:50,010 --> 00:50:52,590
as a 15 inch tree.

1342
00:50:52,590 --> 00:50:54,650
They just represent different potential

1343
00:50:54,650 --> 00:50:55,950
in terms of yield.

1344
00:50:55,950 --> 00:50:58,410
So an unhealthy tree,

1345
00:50:58,410 --> 00:51:01,160
there should be a way of identifying

1346
00:51:01,160 --> 00:51:03,580
and letting the landowner
or the producer know

1347
00:51:03,580 --> 00:51:05,500
what proportion of their trees

1348
00:51:05,500 --> 00:51:07,173
might have compromised health.

1349
00:51:08,410 --> 00:51:09,721
But Nicholas,

1350
00:51:09,721 --> 00:51:13,010
I don't know how widespread

1351
00:51:13,010 --> 00:51:15,390
that type of measurement system is

1352
00:51:15,390 --> 00:51:16,670
in sugar bushes.

1353
00:51:16,670 --> 00:51:19,610
It depends largely on if it's a property

1354
00:51:19,610 --> 00:51:22,403
with a long-term forest management plan,

1355
00:51:23,380 --> 00:51:24,670
if that is brought up

1356
00:51:25,831 --> 00:51:27,143
in those documents.

1357
00:51:29,050 --> 00:51:30,880
Thanks for your question.

1358
00:51:30,880 --> 00:51:33,250
- Hey mark, this is Tony here.

1359
00:51:33,250 --> 00:51:34,790
I had a question for you.

1360
00:51:34,790 --> 00:51:36,780
I'm actually looking at a new property

1361
00:51:36,780 --> 00:51:39,270
and I've already done some sampling

1362
00:51:39,270 --> 00:51:41,680
with the prism method.

1363
00:51:41,680 --> 00:51:43,490
And so I've taken

1364
00:51:43,490 --> 00:51:45,630
about a hundred points actually.

1365
00:51:45,630 --> 00:51:48,600
And the average captains tap density

1366
00:51:48,600 --> 00:51:49,740
I'm getting is quite high,

1367
00:51:49,740 --> 00:51:53,690
about 105 to 110 taps an acre.

1368
00:51:53,690 --> 00:51:55,380
And it made sense

1369
00:51:55,380 --> 00:51:56,850
because there's lots of small trees

1370
00:51:56,850 --> 00:51:58,300
and pole what, right?

1371
00:51:58,300 --> 00:51:59,133
- Right.

1372
00:51:59,133 --> 00:52:02,250
- So the forest is just
ready to start tapping,

1373
00:52:02,250 --> 00:52:04,480
but it doesn't have many mature trees.

1374
00:52:04,480 --> 00:52:06,100
Now trying to take that.

1375
00:52:06,100 --> 00:52:08,300
And then, so if we look at the,

1376
00:52:08,300 --> 00:52:09,793
what you were alluding to,

1377
00:52:10,810 --> 00:52:13,780
yield per diameter.

1378
00:52:13,780 --> 00:52:15,220
Yeah, I can take the 110

1379
00:52:15,220 --> 00:52:16,496
and just multiply it by,

1380
00:52:16,496 --> 00:52:19,050
0.25 gallons of tap to get a yield.

1381
00:52:19,050 --> 00:52:21,470
But, if there were big healthy trees,

1382
00:52:21,470 --> 00:52:23,283
I'd get more sap per tap.

1383
00:52:24,474 --> 00:52:26,860
So I'm trying to co-relate,

1384
00:52:26,860 --> 00:52:30,900
a smaller diameter size class forest

1385
00:52:30,900 --> 00:52:34,170
with let's say the average expected yield.

1386
00:52:34,170 --> 00:52:36,600
So all I'd have to do is like,

1387
00:52:36,600 --> 00:52:38,600
when I take that curve that you showed

1388
00:52:38,600 --> 00:52:40,220
in one of your first,

1389
00:52:40,220 --> 00:52:43,000
the correlation between sap per tap

1390
00:52:43,000 --> 00:52:44,470
and the diameter,

1391
00:52:44,470 --> 00:52:45,770
if I take those numbers,

1392
00:52:45,770 --> 00:52:47,380
I get ridiculously high yield

1393
00:52:47,380 --> 00:52:49,700
because they're like,

1394
00:52:49,700 --> 00:52:53,020
I think it was a hundred gallons per tap,

1395
00:52:53,020 --> 00:52:54,670
it's just out of the,

1396
00:52:54,670 --> 00:52:56,650
it's like ideal conditions.

1397
00:52:56,650 --> 00:52:58,130
So I'm trying to figure out

1398
00:52:58,130 --> 00:53:00,070
how can I make a factor

1399
00:53:00,070 --> 00:53:01,880
that would account for the fact

1400
00:53:01,880 --> 00:53:04,080
that my trees are smaller diameter.

1401
00:53:04,080 --> 00:53:05,540
- Right, right.

1402
00:53:05,540 --> 00:53:08,570
Well, and that's a good observation

1403
00:53:08,570 --> 00:53:12,950
that those numbers are
based on ideal conditions.

1404
00:53:12,950 --> 00:53:13,983
I would say that,

1405
00:53:17,024 --> 00:53:22,024
you could discount by
a certain percentage,

1406
00:53:23,770 --> 00:53:26,263
take the average diameter for that stand.

1407
00:53:27,540 --> 00:53:29,010
If you're measuring diameter,

1408
00:53:29,010 --> 00:53:30,950
if you know how many in each size class,

1409
00:53:30,950 --> 00:53:34,010
you could discount by a certain percent.

1410
00:53:34,010 --> 00:53:36,550
And it might be in the 5% per inch

1411
00:53:36,550 --> 00:53:37,570
diameter range.

1412
00:53:37,570 --> 00:53:38,920
We haven't really worked out

1413
00:53:38,920 --> 00:53:41,690
the relationship super strongly,

1414
00:53:41,690 --> 00:53:44,570
but I'm guessing it's in the five to 7%

1415
00:53:44,570 --> 00:53:46,070
per inch diameter range.

1416
00:53:46,070 --> 00:53:47,070
As you go larger,

1417
00:53:47,070 --> 00:53:49,630
you're gonna get progressively more sap.

1418
00:53:49,630 --> 00:53:52,130
So many factors could influence that,

1419
00:53:52,130 --> 00:53:55,060
vacuum intensity at the taphole,

1420
00:53:55,060 --> 00:53:56,990
sanitation.

1421
00:53:56,990 --> 00:53:59,740
All those things are gonna influence that.

1422
00:53:59,740 --> 00:54:02,890
But the relationship like in that graph

1423
00:54:02,890 --> 00:54:04,470
that I put on earlier

1424
00:54:04,470 --> 00:54:06,243
shows it's fairly linear,

1425
00:54:07,710 --> 00:54:09,740
but it's in that five to 7%,

1426
00:54:09,740 --> 00:54:12,440
per inch DBH range.

1427
00:54:12,440 --> 00:54:14,590
And then the other issue
is, management wise,

1428
00:54:14,590 --> 00:54:16,110
if you have a lot of small trees,

1429
00:54:16,110 --> 00:54:20,520
the temptation is to maybe remove some

1430
00:54:20,520 --> 00:54:22,030
and try to pick the winners

1431
00:54:22,030 --> 00:54:23,070
that you think are gonna be

1432
00:54:23,070 --> 00:54:25,210
the crop trees of the future,

1433
00:54:25,210 --> 00:54:26,043
depending on,

1434
00:54:26,043 --> 00:54:27,990
again, without seeing the stand

1435
00:54:27,990 --> 00:54:29,970
or seeing the stand data,

1436
00:54:29,970 --> 00:54:30,803
it's hard to say,

1437
00:54:30,803 --> 00:54:34,100
but it can be tempting
to take out too much.

1438
00:54:34,100 --> 00:54:35,650
There are a lot of things
that can contribute,

1439
00:54:35,650 --> 00:54:40,030
to take small trees out of the equation,

1440
00:54:40,030 --> 00:54:43,150
either natural dynamics or what have you.

1441
00:54:43,150 --> 00:54:45,960
So it's good to flag some,

1442
00:54:45,960 --> 00:54:48,060
ones that look like good winners,

1443
00:54:48,060 --> 00:54:48,893
but when they're in that

1444
00:54:48,893 --> 00:54:50,590
really small pole size,

1445
00:54:50,590 --> 00:54:51,930
it might be a little small

1446
00:54:51,930 --> 00:54:53,680
to start doing any real

1447
00:54:53,680 --> 00:54:54,960
pre-commercial type work

1448
00:54:54,960 --> 00:54:57,150
to try to focus on the winners.

1449
00:54:57,150 --> 00:54:59,040
Stem form is probably the biggest thing

1450
00:54:59,040 --> 00:55:00,460
that you would use to decide

1451
00:55:00,460 --> 00:55:02,653
whether or not to take a tree out.

1452
00:55:05,360 --> 00:55:09,217
Let's see, Dave Matt says,

1453
00:55:09,217 --> 00:55:10,530
"Knowing that the goal is to have

1454
00:55:10,530 --> 00:55:13,290
at least 25% non maple in the stand,

1455
00:55:13,290 --> 00:55:16,020
should the inventory
include non maple stems

1456
00:55:16,020 --> 00:55:19,610
to give one an idea of species composition

1457
00:55:19,610 --> 00:55:22,320
and total number of trees per acre?"

1458
00:55:22,320 --> 00:55:24,510
Yeah, that's a great point, Dave,

1459
00:55:24,510 --> 00:55:27,340
and it's sort of points out that

1460
00:55:27,340 --> 00:55:29,240
if you're just looking at taps,

1461
00:55:29,240 --> 00:55:30,920
you're ignoring,

1462
00:55:30,920 --> 00:55:33,100
what else is growing there.

1463
00:55:33,100 --> 00:55:35,280
Obviously in a stand

1464
00:55:35,280 --> 00:55:37,410
that's naturally heavy to maple,

1465
00:55:37,410 --> 00:55:38,760
it's gonna be mostly maple,

1466
00:55:38,760 --> 00:55:42,290
but we know that there's
lots of other species

1467
00:55:42,290 --> 00:55:43,123
in the woods.

1468
00:55:43,123 --> 00:55:45,500
So it would be a good idea

1469
00:55:45,500 --> 00:55:47,750
to have a more comprehensive inventory

1470
00:55:47,750 --> 00:55:50,790
and one that would align with other goals

1471
00:55:50,790 --> 00:55:51,870
besides tapping

1472
00:55:51,870 --> 00:55:55,830
like long-term forest management goals.

1473
00:55:55,830 --> 00:55:58,120
And keeping that diversity especially,

1474
00:55:58,120 --> 00:55:59,220
it's a requirement.

1475
00:55:59,220 --> 00:56:00,893
If you're a certified organic,

1476
00:56:01,870 --> 00:56:03,860
you would wanna make sure that you are

1477
00:56:05,020 --> 00:56:07,133
reaching that threshold.

1478
00:56:08,710 --> 00:56:09,820
Good question.

1479
00:56:09,820 --> 00:56:11,463
Any other questions?

1480
00:56:13,440 --> 00:56:15,720
Appreciate everyone's time and attention

1481
00:56:15,720 --> 00:56:17,363
and their questions.

1482
00:56:18,326 --> 00:56:20,350
There's a fair amount of cover.

1483
00:56:20,350 --> 00:56:22,720
There are lots of resources,

1484
00:56:22,720 --> 00:56:27,720
if you wanna develop your
own inventory method,

1485
00:56:28,180 --> 00:56:29,250
to get a little better handle

1486
00:56:29,250 --> 00:56:30,670
on how to use the angle gauge,

1487
00:56:30,670 --> 00:56:32,660
there are definitely some tutorials

1488
00:56:34,230 --> 00:56:35,063
really rooted more

1489
00:56:35,063 --> 00:56:36,340
in the forestry side of things

1490
00:56:36,340 --> 00:56:38,490
but if you have questions in the future,

1491
00:56:38,490 --> 00:56:41,636
don't hesitate to reach out to me,

1492
00:56:41,636 --> 00:56:44,070
for help finding those resources.

1493
00:56:44,070 --> 00:56:45,660
I would like to say that,

1494
00:56:45,660 --> 00:56:48,060
we're continuing this webinar series.

1495
00:56:48,060 --> 00:56:51,210
In two weeks, we have
another one coming up

1496
00:56:51,210 --> 00:56:54,723
and that's on sap-only Enterprises.

1497
00:56:55,890 --> 00:56:57,750
I don't have the list in front of me,

1498
00:56:57,750 --> 00:56:59,730
but I can pull that right up.

1499
00:56:59,730 --> 00:57:02,060
- I could pull it up if you don't mind.

1500
00:57:02,060 --> 00:57:03,210
This is Mark and I just wanna thank

1501
00:57:03,210 --> 00:57:04,870
Mark Isselhardt for a great presentation.

1502
00:57:04,870 --> 00:57:06,700
Always great content

1503
00:57:06,700 --> 00:57:09,150
and always presented well.

1504
00:57:10,540 --> 00:57:12,310
The outlook as people start to get off,

1505
00:57:12,310 --> 00:57:14,900
sap-only Enterprises on September 15th

1506
00:57:14,900 --> 00:57:16,920
with Chris Lindgren.

1507
00:57:16,920 --> 00:57:18,170
The next webinar after that

1508
00:57:18,170 --> 00:57:20,070
is Wednesday, September 29th.

1509
00:57:20,070 --> 00:57:22,360
That'll be me having a discussion

1510
00:57:22,360 --> 00:57:23,780
about binding contracts

1511
00:57:23,780 --> 00:57:26,170
and binding legal agreements.

1512
00:57:26,170 --> 00:57:27,640
Then on October 13th,

1513
00:57:27,640 --> 00:57:29,850
we've got Dr. Tony, D'Amato

1514
00:57:29,850 --> 00:57:32,340
talking about maple forests and carbon,

1515
00:57:32,340 --> 00:57:34,860
and then the initial calendar ends up

1516
00:57:34,860 --> 00:57:36,340
on October 27th

1517
00:57:36,340 --> 00:57:38,570
with the presentation I'll be giving

1518
00:57:38,570 --> 00:57:39,990
with attorney Jess Phelps

1519
00:57:39,990 --> 00:57:42,730
on Northeast forest land tax programs

1520
00:57:42,730 --> 00:57:44,340
and tax abatement.

1521
00:57:44,340 --> 00:57:45,765
Sounds like Mark has given

1522
00:57:45,765 --> 00:57:46,670
a little bit of a teaser

1523
00:57:46,670 --> 00:57:48,280
that there may be some ad-on sessions

1524
00:57:48,280 --> 00:57:49,440
later on in the fall.

1525
00:57:49,440 --> 00:57:52,370
So we'll be watching in earnest

1526
00:57:52,370 --> 00:57:54,913
as those calendar dates become available.

1527
00:57:55,960 --> 00:57:56,793
- Great.

1528
00:57:56,793 --> 00:57:59,180
Well, thanks everyone for tuning in.

1529
00:57:59,180 --> 00:58:01,320
And if you know someone

1530
00:58:01,320 --> 00:58:03,530
who missed out on tonight's presentation

1531
00:58:03,530 --> 00:58:05,910
or some of the earlier ones in the series,

1532
00:58:05,910 --> 00:58:07,170
we post them

1533
00:58:07,170 --> 00:58:10,180
on the maplemanager.org website.

1534
00:58:10,180 --> 00:58:11,350
And we also have recordings

1535
00:58:11,350 --> 00:58:13,610
from last year's series.

1536
00:58:13,610 --> 00:58:15,380
So go check that out

1537
00:58:15,380 --> 00:58:17,220
for more information.

1538
00:58:17,220 --> 00:58:19,636
And with that, I'll say thanks to Mark,

1539
00:58:19,636 --> 00:58:21,390
for doing the back of the house stuff.

1540
00:58:21,390 --> 00:58:24,760
And we will see you all soon, take care.

1541
00:58:24,760 --> 00:58:25,910
- All right, goodnight.